781 lines
40 KiB
HTML
781 lines
40 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/>
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
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<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.23"/>
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<title>gitformat-commit-graph(5)</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"/>
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<style>
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/*! Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | https://asciidoctor.org */
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/* Uncomment the following line when using as a custom stylesheet */
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/* @import "https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"; */
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</style>
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</head>
|
|
<body class="manpage">
|
|
<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>gitformat-commit-graph(5) Manual Page</h1>
|
|
<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<p>gitformat-commit-graph - Git commit-graph format</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="content">
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="verseblock">
|
|
<pre class="content">$GIT_DIR/objects/info/commit-graph
|
|
$GIT_DIR/objects/info/commit-graphs/*</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The Git commit-graph stores a list of commit OIDs and some associated
|
|
metadata, including:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The generation number of the commit.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The root tree OID.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The commit date.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The parents of the commit, stored using positional references within
|
|
the graph file.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The Bloom filter of the commit carrying the paths that were changed between
|
|
the commit and its first parent, if requested.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>These positional references are stored as unsigned 32-bit integers
|
|
corresponding to the array position within the list of commit OIDs. Due
|
|
to some special constants we use to track parents, we can store at most
|
|
(1 << 30) + (1 << 29) + (1 << 28) - 1 (around 1.8 billion) commits.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_commit_graph_files_have_the_following_format">Commit-graph files have the following format:</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>In order to allow extensions that add extra data to the graph, we organize
|
|
the body into "chunks" and provide a binary lookup table at the beginning
|
|
of the body. The header includes certain values, such as number of chunks
|
|
and hash type.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>All multi-byte numbers are in network byte order.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_header">HEADER:</h3>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>4-byte signature:
|
|
The signature is: {'C', 'G', 'P', 'H'}</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>1-byte version number:
|
|
Currently, the only valid version is 1.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> 1-byte Hash Version
|
|
We infer the hash length (H) from this value:
|
|
1 => SHA-1
|
|
2 => SHA-256
|
|
If the hash type does not match the repository's hash algorithm, the
|
|
commit-graph file should be ignored with a warning presented to the
|
|
user.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>1-byte number (C) of "chunks"</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>1-byte number (B) of base commit-graphs
|
|
We infer the length (H*B) of the Base Graphs chunk
|
|
from this value.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_chunk_lookup">CHUNK LOOKUP:</h3>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>(C + 1) * 12 bytes listing the table of contents for the chunks:
|
|
First 4 bytes describe the chunk id. Value 0 is a terminating label.
|
|
Other 8 bytes provide the byte-offset in current file for chunk to
|
|
start. (Chunks are ordered contiguously in the file, so you can infer
|
|
the length using the next chunk position if necessary.) Each chunk
|
|
ID appears at most once.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>The CHUNK LOOKUP matches the table of contents from
|
|
the chunk-based file format, see linkgit:gitformat-chunk[5]</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>The remaining data in the body is described one chunk at a time, and
|
|
these chunks may be given in any order. Chunks are required unless
|
|
otherwise specified.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_chunk_data">CHUNK DATA:</h3>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_oid_fanout_id_o_i_d_f_256_4_bytes">OID Fanout (ID: {<em>O</em>, <em>I</em>, <em>D</em>, <em>F</em>}) (256 * 4 bytes)</h4>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>The ith entry, F[i], stores the number of OIDs with first
|
|
byte at most i. Thus F[255] stores the total
|
|
number of commits (N).</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_oid_lookup_id_o_i_d_l_n_h_bytes">OID Lookup (ID: {<em>O</em>, <em>I</em>, <em>D</em>, <em>L</em>}) (N * H bytes)</h4>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>The OIDs for all commits in the graph, sorted in ascending order.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_commit_data_id_c_d_a_t_n_h_16_bytes">Commit Data (ID: {<em>C</em>, <em>D</em>, <em>A</em>, <em>T</em> }) (N * (H + 16) bytes)</h4>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The first H bytes are for the OID of the root tree.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The next 8 bytes are for the positions of the first two parents
|
|
of the ith commit. Stores value 0x70000000 if no parent in that
|
|
position. If there are more than two parents, the second value
|
|
has its most-significant bit on and the other bits store an array
|
|
position into the Extra Edge List chunk.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The next 8 bytes store the topological level (generation number v1)
|
|
of the commit and
|
|
the commit time in seconds since EPOCH. The generation number
|
|
uses the higher 30 bits of the first 4 bytes, while the commit
|
|
time uses the 32 bits of the second 4 bytes, along with the lowest
|
|
2 bits of the lowest byte, storing the 33rd and 34th bit of the
|
|
commit time.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_generation_data_id_g_d_a_2_n_4_bytes_optional">Generation Data (ID: {<em>G</em>, <em>D</em>, <em>A</em>, <em>2</em> }) (N * 4 bytes) [Optional]</h4>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>This list of 4-byte values store corrected commit date offsets for the
|
|
commits, arranged in the same order as commit data chunk.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>If the corrected commit date offset cannot be stored within 31 bits,
|
|
the value has its most-significant bit on and the other bits store
|
|
the position of corrected commit date into the Generation Data Overflow
|
|
chunk.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Generation Data chunk is present only when commit-graph file is written
|
|
by compatible versions of Git and in case of split commit-graph chains,
|
|
the topmost layer also has Generation Data chunk.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_generation_data_overflow_id_g_d_o_2_optional">Generation Data Overflow (ID: {<em>G</em>, <em>D</em>, <em>O</em>, <em>2</em> }) [Optional]</h4>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>This list of 8-byte values stores the corrected commit date offsets
|
|
for commits with corrected commit date offsets that cannot be
|
|
stored within 31 bits.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Generation Data Overflow chunk is present only when Generation Data
|
|
chunk is present and at least one corrected commit date offset cannot
|
|
be stored within 31 bits.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_extra_edge_list_id_e_d_g_e_optional">Extra Edge List (ID: {<em>E</em>, <em>D</em>, <em>G</em>, <em>E</em>}) [Optional]</h4>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>This list of 4-byte values store the second through nth parents for
|
|
all octopus merges. The second parent value in the commit data stores
|
|
an array position within this list along with the most-significant bit
|
|
on. Starting at that array position, iterate through this list of commit
|
|
positions for the parents until reaching a value with the most-significant
|
|
bit on. The other bits correspond to the position of the last parent.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_bloom_filter_index_id_b_i_d_x_n_4_bytes_optional">Bloom Filter Index (ID: {<em>B</em>, <em>I</em>, <em>D</em>, <em>X</em>}) (N * 4 bytes) [Optional]</h4>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The ith entry, BIDX[i], stores the number of bytes in all Bloom filters
|
|
from commit 0 to commit i (inclusive) in lexicographic order. The Bloom
|
|
filter for the i-th commit spans from BIDX[i-1] to BIDX[i] (plus header
|
|
length), where BIDX[-1] is 0.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The BIDX chunk is ignored if the BDAT chunk is not present.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_bloom_filter_data_id_b_d_a_t_optional">Bloom Filter Data (ID: {<em>B</em>, <em>D</em>, <em>A</em>, <em>T</em>}) [Optional]</h4>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>It starts with header consisting of three unsigned 32-bit integers:</p>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Version of the hash algorithm being used. We currently support
|
|
value 2 which corresponds to the 32-bit version of the murmur3 hash
|
|
implemented exactly as described in
|
|
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MurmurHash#Algorithm" class="bare">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MurmurHash#Algorithm</a> and the double
|
|
hashing technique using seed values 0x293ae76f and 0x7e646e2 as
|
|
described in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30494-4_26" class="bare">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30494-4_26</a> "Bloom Filters
|
|
in Probabilistic Verification". Version 1 Bloom filters have a bug that appears
|
|
when char is signed and the repository has path names that have characters >=
|
|
0x80; Git supports reading and writing them, but this ability will be removed
|
|
in a future version of Git.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The number of times a path is hashed and hence the number of bit positions
|
|
that cumulatively determine whether a file is present in the commit.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The minimum number of bits <em>b</em> per entry in the Bloom filter. If the filter
|
|
contains <em>n</em> entries, then the filter size is the minimum number of 64-bit
|
|
words that contain n*b bits.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The rest of the chunk is the concatenation of all the computed Bloom
|
|
filters for the commits in lexicographic order.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Note: Commits with no changes or more than 512 changes have Bloom filters
|
|
of length one, with either all bits set to zero or one respectively.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The BDAT chunk is present if and only if BIDX is present.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect3">
|
|
<h4 id="_base_graphs_list_id_b_a_s_e_optional">Base Graphs List (ID: {<em>B</em>, <em>A</em>, <em>S</em>, <em>E</em>}) [Optional]</h4>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>This list of H-byte hashes describe a set of B commit-graph files that
|
|
form a commit-graph chain. The graph position for the ith commit in this
|
|
file's OID Lookup chunk is equal to i plus the number of commits in all
|
|
base graphs. If B is non-zero, this chunk must exist.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_trailer">TRAILER:</h3>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>H-byte HASH-checksum of all of the above.</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_historical_notes">Historical Notes:</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The Generation Data (GDA2) and Generation Data Overflow (GDO2) chunks have
|
|
the number <em>2</em> in their chunk IDs because a previous version of Git wrote
|
|
possibly erroneous data in these chunks with the IDs "GDAT" and "GDOV". By
|
|
changing the IDs, newer versions of Git will silently ignore those older
|
|
chunks and write the new information without trusting the incorrect data.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
Last updated 2025-03-17 07:09:38 UTC
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
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