921 lines
46 KiB
HTML
921 lines
46 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
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<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.23"/>
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<title>git-merge-tree(1)</title>
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</head>
|
|
<body class="manpage">
|
|
<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>git-merge-tree(1) Manual Page</h1>
|
|
<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<p>git-merge-tree - Perform merge without touching index or working tree</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="content">
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="verseblock">
|
|
<pre class="content"><em>git merge-tree</em> [--write-tree] [<options>] <branch1> <branch2>
|
|
<em>git merge-tree</em> [--trivial-merge] <base-tree> <branch1> <branch2> (deprecated)</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="NEWMERGE">DESCRIPTION</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This command has a modern <code>--write-tree</code> mode and a deprecated
|
|
<code>--trivial-merge</code> mode. With the exception of the
|
|
<a href="#DEPMERGE">DEPRECATED DESCRIPTION</a> section at the end, the rest of
|
|
this documentation describes the modern <code>--write-tree</code> mode.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Performs a merge, but does not make any new commits and does not read
|
|
from or write to either the working tree or index.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The performed merge will use the same features as the "real"
|
|
<a href="git-merge.html">git-merge(1)</a>, including:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>three way content merges of individual files</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>rename detection</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>proper directory/file conflict handling</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>recursive ancestor consolidation (i.e. when there is more than one
|
|
merge base, creating a virtual merge base by merging the merge bases)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>etc.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>After the merge completes, a new toplevel tree object is created. See
|
|
<code>OUTPUT</code> below for details.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--stdin</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Read the commits to merge from the standard input rather than
|
|
the command-line. See <a href="#INPUT">INPUT FORMAT</a> below for more
|
|
information. Implies <code>-z</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-z</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Do not quote filenames in the <Conflicted file info> section,
|
|
and end each filename with a NUL character rather than
|
|
newline. Also begin the messages section with a NUL character
|
|
instead of a newline. See <a href="#OUTPUT">OUTPUT</a> below for more
|
|
information.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--name-only</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>In the Conflicted file info section, instead of writing a list
|
|
of (mode, oid, stage, path) tuples to output for conflicted
|
|
files, just provide a list of filenames with conflicts (and
|
|
do not list filenames multiple times if they have multiple
|
|
conflicting stages).</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]messages</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Write any informational messages such as "Auto-merging <path>"
|
|
or CONFLICT notices to the end of stdout. If unspecified, the
|
|
default is to include these messages if there are merge
|
|
conflicts, and to omit them otherwise.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--allow-unrelated-histories</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>merge-tree will by default error out if the two branches specified
|
|
share no common history. This flag can be given to override that
|
|
check and make the merge proceed anyway.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--merge-base=<tree-ish></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Instead of finding the merge-bases for <branch1> and <branch2>,
|
|
specify a merge-base for the merge, and specifying multiple bases is
|
|
currently not supported. This option is incompatible with <code>--stdin</code>.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>As the merge-base is provided directly, <branch1> and <branch2> do not need
|
|
to specify commits; trees are enough.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-X<option></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--strategy-option=<option></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Pass the merge strategy-specific option through to the merge strategy.
|
|
See <a href="git-merge.html">git-merge(1)</a> for details.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="OUTPUT">OUTPUT</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For a successful merge, the output from git-merge-tree is simply one
|
|
line:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><OID of toplevel tree></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Whereas for a conflicted merge, the output is by default of the form:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><OID of toplevel tree>
|
|
<Conflicted file info>
|
|
<Informational messages></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>These are discussed individually below.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>However, there is an exception. If <code>--stdin</code> is passed, then there is
|
|
an extra section at the beginning, a NUL character at the end, and then
|
|
all the sections repeat for each line of input. Thus, if the first merge
|
|
is conflicted and the second is clean, the output would be of the form:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><Merge status>
|
|
<OID of toplevel tree>
|
|
<Conflicted file info>
|
|
<Informational messages>
|
|
NUL
|
|
<Merge status>
|
|
<OID of toplevel tree>
|
|
NUL</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="MS">Merge status</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This is an integer status followed by a NUL character. The integer status is:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>0: merge had conflicts
|
|
1: merge was clean</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="OIDTLT">OID of toplevel tree</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This is a tree object that represents what would be checked out in the
|
|
working tree at the end of <code>git</code> <code>merge</code>. If there were conflicts, then
|
|
files within this tree may have embedded conflict markers. This section
|
|
is always followed by a newline (or NUL if <code>-z</code> is passed).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="CFI">Conflicted file info</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This is a sequence of lines with the format</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><mode> <object> <stage> <filename></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The filename will be quoted as explained for the configuration
|
|
variable <code>core.quotePath</code> (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). However, if
|
|
the <code>--name-only</code> option is passed, the mode, object, and stage will
|
|
be omitted. If <code>-z</code> is passed, the "lines" are terminated by a NUL
|
|
character instead of a newline character.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="IM">Informational messages</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This section provides informational messages, typically about
|
|
conflicts. The format of the section varies significantly depending
|
|
on whether <code>-z</code> is passed.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If <code>-z</code> is passed:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The output format is zero or more conflict informational records, each
|
|
of the form:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><list-of-paths><conflict-type>NUL<conflict-message>NUL</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>where <list-of-paths> is of the form</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><number-of-paths>NUL<path1>NUL<path2>NUL...<pathN>NUL</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>and includes paths (or branch names) affected by the conflict or
|
|
informational message in <conflict-message>. Also, <conflict-type> is a
|
|
stable string explaining the type of conflict, such as</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>"Auto-merging"</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>"CONFLICT (rename/delete)"</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>"CONFLICT (submodule lacks merge base)"</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>"CONFLICT (binary)"</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>and <conflict-message> is a more detailed message about the conflict which often
|
|
(but not always) embeds the <stable-short-type-description> within it. These
|
|
strings may change in future Git versions. Some examples:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>"Auto-merging <file>"</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>"CONFLICT (rename/delete): <oldfile> renamed…​but deleted in…​"</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>"Failed to merge submodule <submodule> (no merge base)"</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>"Warning: cannot merge binary files: <filename>"</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If <code>-z</code> is NOT passed:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This section starts with a blank line to separate it from the previous
|
|
sections, and then only contains the <conflict-message> information
|
|
from the previous section (separated by newlines). These are
|
|
non-stable strings that should not be parsed by scripts, and are just
|
|
meant for human consumption. Also, note that while <conflict-message>
|
|
strings usually do not contain embedded newlines, they sometimes do.
|
|
(However, the free-form messages will never have an embedded NUL
|
|
character). So, the entire block of information is meant for human
|
|
readers as an agglomeration of all conflict messages.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_exit_status">EXIT STATUS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For a successful, non-conflicted merge, the exit status is 0. When the
|
|
merge has conflicts, the exit status is 1. If the merge is not able to
|
|
complete (or start) due to some kind of error, the exit status is
|
|
something other than 0 or 1 (and the output is unspecified). When
|
|
--stdin is passed, the return status is 0 for both successful and
|
|
conflicted merges, and something other than 0 or 1 if it cannot complete
|
|
all the requested merges.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_usage_notes">USAGE NOTES</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This command is intended as low-level plumbing, similar to
|
|
<a href="git-hash-object.html">git-hash-object(1)</a>, <a href="git-mktree.html">git-mktree(1)</a>,
|
|
<a href="git-commit-tree.html">git-commit-tree(1)</a>, <a href="git-write-tree.html">git-write-tree(1)</a>,
|
|
<a href="git-update-ref.html">git-update-ref(1)</a>, and <a href="git-mktag.html">git-mktag(1)</a>. Thus, it can be
|
|
used as a part of a series of steps such as:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>vi message.txt
|
|
BRANCH1=refs/heads/test
|
|
BRANCH2=main
|
|
NEWTREE=$(git merge-tree --write-tree $BRANCH1 $BRANCH2) || {
|
|
echo "There were conflicts..." 1>&2
|
|
exit 1
|
|
}
|
|
NEWCOMMIT=$(git commit-tree $NEWTREE -F message.txt \
|
|
-p $BRANCH1 -p $BRANCH2)
|
|
git update-ref $BRANCH1 $NEWCOMMIT</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Note that when the exit status is non-zero, <code>NEWTREE</code> in this sequence
|
|
will contain a lot more output than just a tree.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For conflicts, the output includes the same information that you’d get
|
|
with <a href="git-merge.html">git-merge(1)</a>:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>what would be written to the working tree (the
|
|
<a href="#OIDTLT">OID of toplevel tree</a>)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>the higher order stages that would be written to the index (the
|
|
<a href="#CFI">Conflicted file info</a>)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>any messages that would have been printed to stdout (the
|
|
<a href="#IM">Informational messages</a>)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="INPUT">INPUT FORMAT</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><em>git merge-tree --stdin</em> input format is fully text based. Each line
|
|
has this format:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>[<base-commit> -- ]<branch1> <branch2></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If one line is separated by <code>--</code>, the string before the separator is
|
|
used for specifying a merge-base for the merge and the string after
|
|
the separator describes the branches to be merged.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_mistakes_to_avoid">MISTAKES TO AVOID</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Do NOT look through the resulting toplevel tree to try to find which
|
|
files conflict; parse the <a href="#CFI">Conflicted file info</a> section instead.
|
|
Not only would parsing an entire tree be horrendously slow in large
|
|
repositories, there are numerous types of conflicts not representable by
|
|
conflict markers (modify/delete, mode conflict, binary file changed on
|
|
both sides, file/directory conflicts, various rename conflict
|
|
permutations, etc.)</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Do NOT interpret an empty <a href="#CFI">Conflicted file info</a> list as a clean
|
|
merge; check the exit status. A merge can have conflicts without having
|
|
individual files conflict (there are a few types of directory rename
|
|
conflicts that fall into this category, and others might also be added
|
|
in the future).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Do NOT attempt to guess or make the user guess the conflict types from
|
|
the <a href="#CFI">Conflicted file info</a> list. The information there is
|
|
insufficient to do so. For example: Rename/rename(1to2) conflicts (both
|
|
sides renamed the same file differently) will result in three different
|
|
files having higher order stages (but each only has one higher order
|
|
stage), with no way (short of the <a href="#IM">Informational messages</a> section)
|
|
to determine which three files are related. File/directory conflicts
|
|
also result in a file with exactly one higher order stage.
|
|
Possibly-involved-in-directory-rename conflicts (when
|
|
"merge.directoryRenames" is unset or set to "conflicts") also result in
|
|
a file with exactly one higher order stage. In all cases, the
|
|
<a href="#IM">Informational messages</a> section has the necessary info, though it
|
|
is not designed to be machine parseable.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Do NOT assume that each path from <a href="#CFI">Conflicted file info</a>, and
|
|
the logical conflicts in the <a href="#IM">Informational messages</a> have a
|
|
one-to-one mapping, nor that there is a one-to-many mapping, nor a
|
|
many-to-one mapping. Many-to-many mappings exist, meaning that each
|
|
path can have many logical conflict types in a single merge, and each
|
|
logical conflict type can affect many paths.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Do NOT assume all filenames listed in the <a href="#IM">Informational messages</a>
|
|
section had conflicts. Messages can be included for files that have no
|
|
conflicts, such as "Auto-merging <file>".</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>AVOID taking the OIDS from the <a href="#CFI">Conflicted file info</a> and
|
|
re-merging them to present the conflicts to the user. This will lose
|
|
information. Instead, look up the version of the file found within the
|
|
<a href="#OIDTLT">OID of toplevel tree</a> and show that instead. In particular,
|
|
the latter will have conflict markers annotated with the original
|
|
branch/commit being merged and, if renames were involved, the original
|
|
filename. While you could include the original branch/commit in the
|
|
conflict marker annotations when re-merging, the original filename is
|
|
not available from the <a href="#CFI">Conflicted file info</a> and thus you would
|
|
be losing information that might help the user resolve the conflict.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="DEPMERGE">DEPRECATED DESCRIPTION</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Per the <a href="#NEWMERGE">DESCRIPTION</a> and unlike the rest of this
|
|
documentation, this section describes the deprecated <code>--trivial-merge</code>
|
|
mode.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Other than the optional <code>--trivial-merge</code>, this mode accepts no
|
|
options.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This mode reads three tree-ish, and outputs trivial merge results and
|
|
conflicting stages to the standard output in a semi-diff format.
|
|
Since this was designed for higher level scripts to consume and merge
|
|
the results back into the index, it omits entries that match
|
|
<branch1>. The result of this second form is similar to what
|
|
three-way <em>git read-tree -m</em> does, but instead of storing the results
|
|
in the index, the command outputs the entries to the standard output.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This form not only has limited applicability (a trivial merge cannot
|
|
handle content merges of individual files, rename detection, proper
|
|
directory/file conflict handling, etc.), the output format is also
|
|
difficult to work with, and it will generally be less performant than
|
|
the first form even on successful merges (especially if working in
|
|
large repositories).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
Last updated 2025-03-17 07:09:38 UTC
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html> |