1827 lines
85 KiB
HTML
1827 lines
85 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/>
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
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<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.23"/>
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<title>git-fetch(1)</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"/>
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<style>
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/*! Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | https://asciidoctor.org */
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/* Uncomment the following line when using as a custom stylesheet */
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/* @import "https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"; */
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html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
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a{background:none}
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a:focus{outline:thin dotted}
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a:active,a:hover{outline:0}
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h1{font-size:2em;margin:.67em 0}
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b,strong{font-weight:bold}
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abbr{font-size:.9em}
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abbr[title]{cursor:help;border-bottom:1px dotted #dddddf;text-decoration:none}
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dfn{font-style:italic}
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hr{height:0}
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mark{background:#ff0;color:#000}
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code,kbd,pre,samp{font-family:monospace;font-size:1em}
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pre{white-space:pre-wrap}
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q{quotes:"\201C" "\201D" "\2018" "\2019"}
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small{font-size:80%}
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sub,sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline}
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sup{top:-.5em}
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sub{bottom:-.25em}
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img{border:0}
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svg:not(:root){overflow:hidden}
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figure{margin:0}
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audio,video{display:inline-block}
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audio:not([controls]){display:none;height:0}
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fieldset{border:1px solid silver;margin:0 2px;padding:.35em .625em .75em}
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legend{border:0;padding:0}
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button,input,select,textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;margin:0}
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button,input{line-height:normal}
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button,select{text-transform:none}
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button,html input[type=button],input[type=reset],input[type=submit]{-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer}
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button[disabled],html input[disabled]{cursor:default}
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input[type=checkbox],input[type=radio]{padding:0}
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button::-moz-focus-inner,input::-moz-focus-inner{border:0;padding:0}
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textarea{overflow:auto;vertical-align:top}
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table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}
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*,::before,::after{box-sizing:border-box}
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html,body{font-size:100%}
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body{background:#fff;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);padding:0;margin:0;font-family:"Noto Serif","DejaVu Serif",serif;line-height:1;position:relative;cursor:auto;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4;word-wrap:anywhere;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
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a:hover{cursor:pointer}
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img,object,embed{max-width:100%;height:auto}
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object,embed{height:100%}
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img{-ms-interpolation-mode:bicubic}
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.left{float:left!important}
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.right{float:right!important}
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.text-left{text-align:left!important}
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.text-right{text-align:right!important}
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.text-center{text-align:center!important}
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.text-justify{text-align:justify!important}
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.hide{display:none}
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img,object,svg{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}
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textarea{height:auto;min-height:50px}
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select{width:100%}
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a{color:#2156a5;text-decoration:underline;line-height:inherit}
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a:hover,a:focus{color:#1d4b8f}
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a img{border:0}
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p{line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
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p aside{font-size:.875em;line-height:1.35;font-style:italic}
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h1{font-size:2.125em}
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h2{font-size:1.6875em}
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h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.375em}
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h4,h5{font-size:1.125em}
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h6{font-size:1em}
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hr{border:solid #dddddf;border-width:1px 0 0;clear:both;margin:1.25em 0 1.1875em}
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em,i{font-style:italic;line-height:inherit}
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strong,b{font-weight:bold;line-height:inherit}
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small{font-size:60%;line-height:inherit}
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code{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;font-weight:400;color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
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ul,ol,dl{line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:1.25em;list-style-position:outside;font-family:inherit}
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ul,ol{margin-left:1.5em}
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ul li ul,ul li ol{margin-left:1.25em;margin-bottom:0}
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ul.circle{list-style-type:circle}
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ul.disc{list-style-type:disc}
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ul.square{list-style-type:square}
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ul.circle ul:not([class]),ul.disc ul:not([class]),ul.square ul:not([class]){list-style:inherit}
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dl dt{margin-bottom:.3125em;font-weight:bold}
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dl dd{margin-bottom:1.25em}
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blockquote{margin:0 0 1.25em;padding:.5625em 1.25em 0 1.1875em;border-left:1px solid #ddd}
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blockquote,blockquote p{line-height:1.6;color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
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h1{font-size:2.75em}
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h2{font-size:2.3125em}
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h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title{font-size:1.6875em}
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h4{font-size:1.4375em}}
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table{background:#fff;margin-bottom:1.25em;border:1px solid #dedede;word-wrap:normal}
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table thead,table tfoot{background:#f7f8f7}
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table thead tr th,table thead tr td,table tfoot tr th,table tfoot tr td{padding:.5em .625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);text-align:left}
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table tr th,table tr td{padding:.5625em .625em;font-size:inherit;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8)}
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table tr.even,table tr.alt{background:#f8f8f7}
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h1,h2,h3,#toctitle,.sidebarblock>.content>.title,h4,h5,h6{line-height:1.2;word-spacing:-.05em}
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h1 strong,h2 strong,h3 strong,#toctitle strong,.sidebarblock>.content>.title strong,h4 strong,h5 strong,h6 strong{font-weight:400}
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.center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}
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.stretch{width:100%}
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.clearfix::before,.clearfix::after,.float-group::before,.float-group::after{content:" ";display:table}
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.clearfix::after,.float-group::after{clear:both}
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:not(pre).nobreak{word-wrap:normal}
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:not(pre):not([class^=L])>code{font-size:.9375em;font-style:normal!important;letter-spacing:0;padding:.1em .5ex;word-spacing:-.15em;background:#f7f7f8;border-radius:4px;line-height:1.45;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed}
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pre{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9);font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;line-height:1.45;text-rendering:optimizeSpeed}
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pre code,pre pre{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}
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pre>code{display:block}
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pre.nowrap,pre.nowrap pre{white-space:pre;word-wrap:normal}
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em em{font-style:normal}
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strong strong{font-weight:400}
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.keyseq{color:rgba(51,51,51,.8)}
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kbd{font-family:"Droid Sans Mono","DejaVu Sans Mono",monospace;display:inline-block;color:rgba(0,0,0,.8);font-size:.65em;line-height:1.45;background:#f7f7f7;border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.2),inset 0 0 0 .1em #fff;margin:0 .15em;padding:.2em .5em;vertical-align:middle;position:relative;top:-.1em;white-space:nowrap}
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.keyseq kbd:first-child{margin-left:0}
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.keyseq kbd:last-child{margin-right:0}
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.menuseq,.menuref{color:#000}
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.menuseq{word-spacing:-.02em}
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.menuseq b.caret{font-size:1.25em;line-height:.8}
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.menuseq i.caret{font-weight:bold;text-align:center;width:.45em}
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b.button::before,b.button::after{position:relative;top:-1px;font-weight:400}
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b.button::before{content:"[";padding:0 3px 0 2px}
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b.button::after{content:"]";padding:0 2px 0 3px}
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p a>code:hover{color:rgba(0,0,0,.9)}
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#header,#content,#footnotes,#footer{width:100%;margin:0 auto;max-width:62.5em;*zoom:1;position:relative;padding-left:.9375em;padding-right:.9375em}
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#header::before,#header::after,#content::before,#content::after,#footnotes::before,#footnotes::after,#footer::before,#footer::after{content:" ";display:table}
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#header::after,#content::after,#footnotes::after,#footer::after{clear:both}
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#content{margin-top:1.25em}
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#content::before{content:none}
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#header>h1:first-child{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);margin-top:2.25rem;margin-bottom:0}
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#header>h1:first-child+#toc{margin-top:8px;border-top:1px solid #dddddf}
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#header>h1:only-child{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:8px}
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#header .details{border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;line-height:1.45;padding-top:.25em;padding-bottom:.25em;padding-left:.25em;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap}
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#header .details span:first-child{margin-left:-.125em}
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#header .details span.email a{color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
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#header .details br{display:none}
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#header .details br+span::before{content:"\00a0\2013\00a0"}
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#header .details br+span.author::before{content:"\00a0\22c5\00a0";color:rgba(0,0,0,.85)}
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#header .details br+span#revremark::before{content:"\00a0|\00a0"}
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#header #revnumber{text-transform:capitalize}
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#header #revnumber::after{content:"\00a0"}
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#content>h1:first-child:not([class]){color:rgba(0,0,0,.85);border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:8px;margin-top:0;padding-top:1rem;margin-bottom:1.25rem}
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#toc{border-bottom:1px solid #e7e7e9;padding-bottom:.5em}
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#toc>ul{margin-left:.125em}
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#toc ul.sectlevel0 ul.sectlevel1{margin:.5em 0}
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#toc ul{font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;list-style-type:none}
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#toc li{line-height:1.3334;margin-top:.3334em}
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#toc a{text-decoration:none}
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#toctitle{color:#7a2518;font-size:1.2em}
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@media screen and (min-width:768px){#toctitle{font-size:1.375em}
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body.toc2{padding-left:15em;padding-right:0}
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body.toc2 #header>h1:nth-last-child(2){border-bottom:1px solid #dddddf;padding-bottom:8px}
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#toc.toc2{margin-top:0!important;background:#f8f8f7;position:fixed;width:15em;left:0;top:0;border-right:1px solid #e7e7e9;border-top-width:0!important;border-bottom-width:0!important;z-index:1000;padding:1.25em 1em;height:100%;overflow:auto}
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#toc.toc2 #toctitle{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.8rem;font-size:1.2em}
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body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:15em}
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body.toc2.toc-right #toc.toc2{border-right-width:0;border-left:1px solid #e7e7e9;left:auto;right:0}}
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@media screen and (min-width:1280px){body.toc2{padding-left:20em;padding-right:0}
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#toc.toc2{width:20em}
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#toc.toc2 #toctitle{font-size:1.375em}
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#toc.toc2>ul{font-size:.95em}
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#toc.toc2 ul ul{padding-left:1.25em}
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body.toc2.toc-right{padding-left:0;padding-right:20em}}
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#content #toc{border:1px solid #e0e0dc;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f8f8f7;border-radius:4px}
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#content #toc>:first-child{margin-top:0}
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#content #toc>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
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#footer{max-width:none;background:rgba(0,0,0,.8);padding:1.25em}
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#content{margin-bottom:.625em}
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.sect1{padding-bottom:.625em}
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@media screen and (min-width:768px){#content{margin-bottom:1.25em}
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.sect1{padding-bottom:1.25em}}
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.sect1:last-child{padding-bottom:0}
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.sect1+.sect1{border-top:1px solid #e7e7e9}
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#content h1>a.anchor,h2>a.anchor,h3>a.anchor,#toctitle>a.anchor,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor,h4>a.anchor,h5>a.anchor,h6>a.anchor{position:absolute;z-index:1001;width:1.5ex;margin-left:-1.5ex;display:block;text-decoration:none!important;visibility:hidden;text-align:center;font-weight:400}
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#content h1>a.anchor::before,h2>a.anchor::before,h3>a.anchor::before,#toctitle>a.anchor::before,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor::before,h4>a.anchor::before,h5>a.anchor::before,h6>a.anchor::before{content:"\00A7";font-size:.85em;display:block;padding-top:.1em}
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#content h1:hover>a.anchor,#content h1>a.anchor:hover,h2:hover>a.anchor,h2>a.anchor:hover,h3:hover>a.anchor,#toctitle:hover>a.anchor,.sidebarblock>.content>.title:hover>a.anchor,h3>a.anchor:hover,#toctitle>a.anchor:hover,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.anchor:hover,h4:hover>a.anchor,h4>a.anchor:hover,h5:hover>a.anchor,h5>a.anchor:hover,h6:hover>a.anchor,h6>a.anchor:hover{visibility:visible}
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#content h1>a.link,h2>a.link,h3>a.link,#toctitle>a.link,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.link,h4>a.link,h5>a.link,h6>a.link{color:#ba3925;text-decoration:none}
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#content h1>a.link:hover,h2>a.link:hover,h3>a.link:hover,#toctitle>a.link:hover,.sidebarblock>.content>.title>a.link:hover,h4>a.link:hover,h5>a.link:hover,h6>a.link:hover{color:#a53221}
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details,.audioblock,.imageblock,.literalblock,.listingblock,.stemblock,.videoblock{margin-bottom:1.25em}
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details{margin-left:1.25rem}
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details>summary{cursor:pointer;display:block;position:relative;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:.625rem;outline:none;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}
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details>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
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details>summary::before{content:"";border:solid transparent;border-left:solid;border-width:.3em 0 .3em .5em;position:absolute;top:.5em;left:-1.25rem;transform:translateX(15%)}
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details[open]>summary::before{border:solid transparent;border-top:solid;border-width:.5em .3em 0;transform:translateY(15%)}
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.admonitionblock td.content>.title,.audioblock>.title,.exampleblock>.title,.imageblock>.title,.listingblock>.title,.literalblock>.title,.stemblock>.title,.openblock>.title,.paragraph>.title,.quoteblock>.title,table.tableblock>.title,.verseblock>.title,.videoblock>.title,.dlist>.title,.olist>.title,.ulist>.title,.qlist>.title,.hdlist>.title{text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;text-align:left;font-family:"Noto Serif","DejaVu Serif",serif;font-size:1rem;font-style:italic}
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table.tableblock.fit-content>caption.title{white-space:nowrap;width:0}
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.admonitionblock>table td.icon{text-align:center;width:80px}
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.admonitionblock>table td.icon img{max-width:none}
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.admonitionblock>table td.icon .title{font-weight:bold;font-family:"Open Sans","DejaVu Sans",sans-serif;text-transform:uppercase}
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.admonitionblock>table td.content{padding-left:1.125em;padding-right:1.25em;border-left:1px solid #dddddf;color:rgba(0,0,0,.6);word-wrap:anywhere}
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.exampleblock>.content{border:1px solid #e6e6e6;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#fff;border-radius:4px}
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.sidebarblock{border:1px solid #dbdbd6;margin-bottom:1.25em;padding:1.25em;background:#f3f3f2;border-radius:4px}
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.sidebarblock>.content>.title{color:#7a2518;margin-top:0;text-align:center}
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.exampleblock>.content>:first-child,.sidebarblock>.content>:first-child{margin-top:0}
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.exampleblock>.content>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content>:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .olist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .ulist>ul>li:last-child>:last-child,.exampleblock>.content .qlist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content>:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .olist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .ulist>ul>li:last-child>:last-child,.sidebarblock>.content .qlist>ol>li:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
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@media screen and (min-width:768px){.literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre{font-size:.90625em}}
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@media screen and (min-width:1280px){.literalblock pre,.listingblock>.content>pre{font-size:1em}}
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</head>
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|
<body class="manpage">
|
|
<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>git-fetch(1) Manual Page</h1>
|
|
<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<p>git-fetch - Download objects and refs from another repository</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="content">
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="verseblock">
|
|
<pre class="content"><em>git fetch</em> [<options>] [<repository> [<refspec>…​]]
|
|
<em>git fetch</em> [<options>] <group>
|
|
<em>git fetch</em> --multiple [<options>] [(<repository> | <group>)…​]
|
|
<em>git fetch</em> --all [<options>]</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Fetch branches and/or tags (collectively, "refs") from one or more
|
|
other repositories, along with the objects necessary to complete their
|
|
histories. Remote-tracking branches are updated (see the description
|
|
of <refspec> below for ways to control this behavior).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>By default, any tag that points into the histories being fetched is
|
|
also fetched; the effect is to fetch tags that
|
|
point at branches that you are interested in. This default behavior
|
|
can be changed by using the --tags or --no-tags options or by
|
|
configuring remote.<name>.tagOpt. By using a refspec that fetches tags
|
|
explicitly, you can fetch tags that do not point into branches you
|
|
are interested in as well.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><em>git fetch</em> can fetch from either a single named repository or URL,
|
|
or from several repositories at once if <group> is given and
|
|
there is a remotes.<group> entry in the configuration file.
|
|
(See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>When no remote is specified, by default the <code>origin</code> remote will be used,
|
|
unless there’s an upstream branch configured for the current branch.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The names of refs that are fetched, together with the object names
|
|
they point at, are written to .<code>git/FETCH_HEAD</code>. This information
|
|
may be used by scripts or other git commands, such as <a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]all</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Fetch all remotes, except for the ones that has the
|
|
<code>remote.</code><em><name></em><code>.skipFetchAll</code> configuration variable set.
|
|
This overrides the configuration variable fetch.all`.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-a</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--append</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Append ref names and object names of fetched refs to the
|
|
existing contents of .<code>git/FETCH_HEAD</code>. Without this
|
|
option old data in .<code>git/FETCH_HEAD</code> will be overwritten.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--atomic</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Use an atomic transaction to update local refs. Either all refs are
|
|
updated, or on error, no refs are updated.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--depth=<depth></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Limit fetching to the specified number of commits from the tip of
|
|
each remote branch history. If fetching to a <em>shallow</em> repository
|
|
created by <code>git</code> <code>clone</code> with <code>--depth=</code><em><depth></em> option (see
|
|
<a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a>), deepen or shorten the history to the specified
|
|
number of commits. Tags for the deepened commits are not fetched.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--deepen=<depth></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Similar to --depth, except it specifies the number of commits
|
|
from the current shallow boundary instead of from the tip of
|
|
each remote branch history.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--shallow-since=<date></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Deepen or shorten the history of a shallow repository to
|
|
include all reachable commits after <date>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--shallow-exclude=<ref></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Deepen or shorten the history of a shallow repository to
|
|
exclude commits reachable from a specified remote branch or tag.
|
|
This option can be specified multiple times.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--unshallow</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>If the source repository is complete, convert a shallow
|
|
repository to a complete one, removing all the limitations
|
|
imposed by shallow repositories.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If the source repository is shallow, fetch as much as possible so that
|
|
the current repository has the same history as the source repository.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--update-shallow</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>By default when fetching from a shallow repository,
|
|
<code>git</code> <code>fetch</code> refuses refs that require updating
|
|
.git/shallow. This option updates .git/shallow and accepts such
|
|
refs.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--negotiation-tip=<commit|glob></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>By default, Git will report, to the server, commits reachable
|
|
from all local refs to find common commits in an attempt to
|
|
reduce the size of the to-be-received packfile. If specified,
|
|
Git will only report commits reachable from the given tips.
|
|
This is useful to speed up fetches when the user knows which
|
|
local ref is likely to have commits in common with the
|
|
upstream ref being fetched.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This option may be specified more than once; if so, Git will report
|
|
commits reachable from any of the given commits.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The argument to this option may be a glob on ref names, a ref, or the (possibly
|
|
abbreviated) SHA-1 of a commit. Specifying a glob is equivalent to specifying
|
|
this option multiple times, one for each matching ref name.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>See also the <code>fetch.negotiationAlgorithm</code> and <code>push.negotiate</code>
|
|
configuration variables documented in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>, and the
|
|
<code>--negotiate-only</code> option below.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--negotiate-only</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Do not fetch anything from the server, and instead print the
|
|
ancestors of the provided <code>--negotiation-tip=</code>* arguments,
|
|
which we have in common with the server.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This is incompatible with <code>--recurse-submodules=</code>[<code>yes</code>|<code>on-demand</code>].
|
|
Internally this is used to implement the <code>push.negotiate</code> option, see
|
|
<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--dry-run</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Show what would be done, without making any changes.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--porcelain</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Print the output to standard output in an easy-to-parse format for
|
|
scripts. See section OUTPUT in <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a> for details.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This is incompatible with <code>--recurse-submodules=</code>[<code>yes</code>|<code>on-demand</code>] and takes
|
|
precedence over the <code>fetch.output</code> config option.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]write-fetch-head</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Write the list of remote refs fetched in the <code>FETCH_HEAD</code>
|
|
file directly under <code>$GIT_DIR</code>. This is the default.
|
|
Passing <code>--no-write-fetch-head</code> from the command line tells
|
|
Git not to write the file. Under <code>--dry-run</code> option, the
|
|
file is never written.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-f</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--force</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>When <em>git fetch</em> is used with <em><src></em><code>:</code><em><dst></em> refspec, it may
|
|
refuse to update the local branch as discussed
|
|
in the <em><refspec></em> part below.
|
|
This option overrides that check.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-k</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--keep</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Keep downloaded pack.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--multiple</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Allow several <repository> and <group> arguments to be
|
|
specified. No <refspec>s may be specified.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]auto-maintenance</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]auto-gc</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Run <code>git</code> <code>maintenance</code> <code>run</code> <code>--auto</code> at the end to perform automatic
|
|
repository maintenance if needed. (<code>--</code>[<code>no-</code>]<code>auto-gc</code> is a synonym.)
|
|
This is enabled by default.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--[no-]write-commit-graph</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Write a commit-graph after fetching. This overrides the config
|
|
setting <code>fetch.writeCommitGraph</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--prefetch</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Modify the configured refspec to place all refs into the
|
|
<code>refs/prefetch/</code> namespace. See the <code>prefetch</code> task in
|
|
<a href="git-maintenance.html">git-maintenance(1)</a>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-p</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--prune</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Before fetching, remove any remote-tracking references that no
|
|
longer exist on the remote. Tags are not subject to pruning
|
|
if they are fetched only because of the default tag
|
|
auto-following or due to a --tags option. However, if tags
|
|
are fetched due to an explicit refspec (either on the command
|
|
line or in the remote configuration, for example if the remote
|
|
was cloned with the --mirror option), then they are also
|
|
subject to pruning. Supplying <code>--prune-tags</code> is a shorthand for
|
|
providing the tag refspec.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>See the PRUNING section below for more details.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-P</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--prune-tags</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Before fetching, remove any local tags that no longer exist on
|
|
the remote if <code>--prune</code> is enabled. This option should be used
|
|
more carefully, unlike <code>--prune</code> it will remove any local
|
|
references (local tags) that have been created. This option is
|
|
a shorthand for providing the explicit tag refspec along with
|
|
<code>--prune</code>, see the discussion about that in its documentation.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>See the PRUNING section below for more details.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-n</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-tags</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>By default, tags that point at objects that are downloaded
|
|
from the remote repository are fetched and stored locally.
|
|
This option disables this automatic tag following. The default
|
|
behavior for a remote may be specified with the remote.<name>.tagOpt
|
|
setting. See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--refetch</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Instead of negotiating with the server to avoid transferring commits and
|
|
associated objects that are already present locally, this option fetches
|
|
all objects as a fresh clone would. Use this to reapply a partial clone
|
|
filter from configuration or using <code>--filter=</code> when the filter
|
|
definition has changed. Automatic post-fetch maintenance will perform
|
|
object database pack consolidation to remove any duplicate objects.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--refmap=<refspec></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>When fetching refs listed on the command line, use the
|
|
specified refspec (can be given more than once) to map the
|
|
refs to remote-tracking branches, instead of the values of
|
|
<code>remote.</code>*.<code>fetch</code> configuration variables for the remote
|
|
repository. Providing an empty <em><refspec></em> to the
|
|
<code>--refmap</code> option causes Git to ignore the configured
|
|
refspecs and rely entirely on the refspecs supplied as
|
|
command-line arguments. See section on "Configured Remote-tracking
|
|
Branches" for details.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-t</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--tags</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Fetch all tags from the remote (i.e., fetch remote tags
|
|
<code>refs/tags/</code>* into local tags with the same name), in addition
|
|
to whatever else would otherwise be fetched. Using this
|
|
option alone does not subject tags to pruning, even if --prune
|
|
is used (though tags may be pruned anyway if they are also the
|
|
destination of an explicit refspec; see <code>--prune</code>).</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--recurse-submodules[=(yes|on-demand|no)]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>This option controls if and under what conditions new commits of
|
|
submodules should be fetched too. When recursing through submodules,
|
|
<code>git</code> <code>fetch</code> always attempts to fetch "changed" submodules, that is, a
|
|
submodule that has commits that are referenced by a newly fetched
|
|
superproject commit but are missing in the local submodule clone. A
|
|
changed submodule can be fetched as long as it is present locally e.g.
|
|
in <code>$GIT_DIR/modules/</code> (see <a href="gitsubmodules.html">gitsubmodules(7)</a>); if the upstream
|
|
adds a new submodule, that submodule cannot be fetched until it is
|
|
cloned e.g. by <code>git</code> <code>submodule</code> <code>update</code>.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>When set to <em>on-demand</em>, only changed submodules are fetched. When set
|
|
to <em>yes</em>, all populated submodules are fetched and submodules that are
|
|
both unpopulated and changed are fetched. When set to <em>no</em>, submodules
|
|
are never fetched.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>When unspecified, this uses the value of <code>fetch.recurseSubmodules</code> if it
|
|
is set (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>), defaulting to <em>on-demand</em> if unset.
|
|
When this option is used without any value, it defaults to <em>yes</em>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-j</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--jobs=<n></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Number of parallel children to be used for all forms of fetching.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If the <code>--multiple</code> option was specified, the different remotes will be fetched
|
|
in parallel. If multiple submodules are fetched, they will be fetched in
|
|
parallel. To control them independently, use the config settings
|
|
<code>fetch.parallel</code> and <code>submodule.fetchJobs</code> (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Typically, parallel recursive and multi-remote fetches will be faster. By
|
|
default fetches are performed sequentially, not in parallel.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-recurse-submodules</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Disable recursive fetching of submodules (this has the same effect as
|
|
using the <code>--recurse-submodules=no</code> option).</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--set-upstream</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>If the remote is fetched successfully, add upstream
|
|
(tracking) reference, used by argument-less
|
|
<a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a> and other commands. For more information,
|
|
see <code>branch.</code><em><name></em><code>.merge</code> and <code>branch.</code><em><name></em><code>.remote</code> in
|
|
<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--submodule-prefix=<path></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Prepend <path> to paths printed in informative messages
|
|
such as "Fetching submodule foo". This option is used
|
|
internally when recursing over submodules.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--recurse-submodules-default=[yes|on-demand]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>This option is used internally to temporarily provide a
|
|
non-negative default value for the --recurse-submodules
|
|
option. All other methods of configuring fetch’s submodule
|
|
recursion (such as settings in <a href="gitmodules.html">gitmodules(5)</a> and
|
|
<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>) override this option, as does
|
|
specifying --[no-]recurse-submodules directly.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-u</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--update-head-ok</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>By default <em>git fetch</em> refuses to update the head which
|
|
corresponds to the current branch. This flag disables the
|
|
check. This is purely for the internal use for <em>git pull</em>
|
|
to communicate with <em>git fetch</em>, and unless you are
|
|
implementing your own Porcelain you are not supposed to
|
|
use it.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--upload-pack <upload-pack></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>When given, and the repository to fetch from is handled
|
|
by <em>git fetch-pack</em>, <code>--exec=</code><em><upload-pack></em> is passed to
|
|
the command to specify non-default path for the command
|
|
run on the other end.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-q</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--quiet</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Pass --quiet to git-fetch-pack and silence any other internally
|
|
used git commands. Progress is not reported to the standard error
|
|
stream.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-v</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--verbose</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Be verbose.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--progress</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
|
|
by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q
|
|
is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the
|
|
standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-o <option></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--server-option=<option></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Transmit the given string to the server when communicating using
|
|
protocol version 2. The given string must not contain a NUL or LF
|
|
character. The server’s handling of server options, including
|
|
unknown ones, is server-specific.
|
|
When multiple <code>--server-option=</code><em><option></em> are given, they are all
|
|
sent to the other side in the order listed on the command line.
|
|
When no <code>--server-option=</code><em><option></em> is given from the command line,
|
|
the values of configuration variable <code>remote.</code><em><name></em><code>.serverOption</code>
|
|
are used instead.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--show-forced-updates</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>By default, git checks if a branch is force-updated during
|
|
fetch. This can be disabled through fetch.showForcedUpdates, but
|
|
the --show-forced-updates option guarantees this check occurs.
|
|
See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--no-show-forced-updates</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>By default, git checks if a branch is force-updated during
|
|
fetch. Pass --no-show-forced-updates or set fetch.showForcedUpdates
|
|
to false to skip this check for performance reasons. If used during
|
|
<em>git-pull</em> the --ff-only option will still check for forced updates
|
|
before attempting a fast-forward update. See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-4</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--ipv4</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Use IPv4 addresses only, ignoring IPv6 addresses.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-6</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--ipv6</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Use IPv6 addresses only, ignoring IPv4 addresses.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><repository></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>The "remote" repository that is the source of a fetch
|
|
or pull operation. This parameter can be either a URL
|
|
(see the section <a href="#URLS">GIT URLS</a> below) or the name
|
|
of a remote (see the section <a href="#REMOTES">REMOTES</a> below).</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><group></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>A name referring to a list of repositories as the value
|
|
of remotes.<group> in the configuration file.
|
|
(See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><refspec></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Specifies which refs to fetch and which local refs to update.
|
|
When no <refspec>s appear on the command line, the refs to fetch
|
|
are read from <code>remote.</code><em><repository></em><code>.fetch</code> variables instead
|
|
(see <a href="#CRTB">CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES</a> below).</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus
|
|
<code>+</code>, followed by the source <src>, followed
|
|
by a colon <code>:</code>, followed by the destination <dst>.
|
|
The colon can be omitted when <dst> is empty. <src> is
|
|
typically a ref, or a glob pattern with a single * that is used
|
|
to match a set of refs, but it can also be a fully spelled hex object
|
|
name.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>A <refspec> may contain a * in its <src> to indicate a simple pattern
|
|
match. Such a refspec functions like a glob that matches any ref with the
|
|
pattern. A pattern <refspec> must have one and only one * in both the <src> and
|
|
<dst>. It will map refs to the destination by replacing the * with the
|
|
contents matched from the source.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If a refspec is prefixed by <code>^</code>, it will be interpreted as a negative
|
|
refspec. Rather than specifying which refs to fetch or which local refs to
|
|
update, such a refspec will instead specify refs to exclude. A ref will be
|
|
considered to match if it matches at least one positive refspec, and does
|
|
not match any negative refspec. Negative refspecs can be useful to restrict
|
|
the scope of a pattern refspec so that it will not include specific refs.
|
|
Negative refspecs can themselves be pattern refspecs. However, they may only
|
|
contain a <src> and do not specify a <dst>. Fully spelled out hex object
|
|
names are also not supported.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><code>tag</code> <em><tag></em> means the same as <code>refs/tags/</code><em><tag></em><code>:refs/tags/</code><em><tag></em>;
|
|
it requests fetching everything up to the given tag.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The remote ref that matches <src>
|
|
is fetched, and if <dst> is not an empty string, an attempt
|
|
is made to update the local ref that matches it.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Whether that update is allowed without <code>--force</code> depends on the ref
|
|
namespace it’s being fetched to, the type of object being fetched, and
|
|
whether the update is considered to be a fast-forward. Generally, the
|
|
same rules apply for fetching as when pushing, see the <em><refspec></em>...
|
|
section of <a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a> for what those are. Exceptions to those
|
|
rules particular to <em>git fetch</em> are noted below.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Until Git version 2.20, and unlike when pushing with
|
|
<a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a>, any updates to <code>refs/tags/</code>* would be accepted
|
|
without <code>+</code> in the refspec (or <code>--force</code>). When fetching, we promiscuously
|
|
considered all tag updates from a remote to be forced fetches. Since
|
|
Git version 2.20, fetching to update <code>refs/tags/</code>* works the same way
|
|
as when pushing. I.e. any updates will be rejected without <code>+</code> in the
|
|
refspec (or <code>--force</code>).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Unlike when pushing with <a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a>, any updates outside of
|
|
<code>refs/</code>{tags,heads}/* will be accepted without <code>+</code> in the refspec (or
|
|
<code>--force</code>), whether that’s swapping e.g. a tree object for a blob, or
|
|
a commit for another commit that doesn’t have the previous commit as
|
|
an ancestor etc.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Unlike when pushing with <a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a>, there is no
|
|
configuration which’ll amend these rules, and nothing like a
|
|
<code>pre-fetch</code> hook analogous to the <code>pre-receive</code> hook.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>As with pushing with <a href="git-push.html">git-push(1)</a>, all of the rules described
|
|
above about what’s not allowed as an update can be overridden by
|
|
adding an optional leading <code>+</code> to a refspec (or using the <code>--force</code>
|
|
command line option). The only exception to this is that no amount of
|
|
forcing will make the <code>refs/heads/</code>* namespace accept a non-commit
|
|
object.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock note">
|
|
<table>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
<div class="title">Note</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="content">
|
|
When the remote branch you want to fetch is known to
|
|
be rewound and rebased regularly, it is expected that
|
|
its new tip will not be a descendant of its previous tip
|
|
(as stored in your remote-tracking branch the last time
|
|
you fetched). You would want
|
|
to use the <code>+</code> sign to indicate non-fast-forward updates
|
|
will be needed for such branches. There is no way to
|
|
determine or declare that a branch will be made available
|
|
in a repository with this behavior; the pulling user simply
|
|
must know this is the expected usage pattern for a branch.
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--stdin</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Read refspecs, one per line, from stdin in addition to those provided
|
|
as arguments. The "tag <name>" format is not supported.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_git_urls">GIT URLS<a id="URLS"></a></h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>In general, URLs contain information about the transport protocol, the
|
|
address of the remote server, and the path to the repository.
|
|
Depending on the transport protocol, some of this information may be
|
|
absent.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Git supports ssh, git, http, and https protocols (in addition, ftp
|
|
and ftps can be used for fetching, but this is inefficient and
|
|
deprecated; do not use them).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The native transport (i.e. <code>git://</code> URL) does no authentication and
|
|
should be used with caution on unsecured networks.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The following syntaxes may be used with them:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>ssh://</code>[<em><user></em><code>@</code>]<em><host></em>[<code>:</code><em><port></em>]<code>/</code><em><path-to-git-repo></em></p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>git://</code><em><host></em>[<code>:</code><em><port></em>]<code>/</code><em><path-to-git-repo></em></p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>http</code>[<code>s</code>]<code>://</code><em><host></em>[<code>:</code><em><port></em>]<code>/</code><em><path-to-git-repo></em></p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>ftp</code>[<code>s</code>]<code>://</code><em><host></em>[<code>:</code><em><port></em>]<code>/</code><em><path-to-git-repo></em></p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>An alternative scp-like syntax may also be used with the ssh protocol:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>[<em><user></em><code>@</code>]<em><host></em><code>:/</code><em><path-to-git-repo></em></p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This syntax is only recognized if there are no slashes before the
|
|
first colon. This helps differentiate a local path that contains a
|
|
colon. For example the local path <code>foo:bar</code> could be specified as an
|
|
absolute path or .<code>/foo:bar</code> to avoid being misinterpreted as an ssh
|
|
url.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The ssh and git protocols additionally support <code>~</code><em><username></em> expansion:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>ssh://</code>[<em><user></em><code>@</code>]<em><host></em>[<code>:</code><em><port></em>]<code>/~</code><em><user></em><code>/</code><em><path-to-git-repo></em></p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>git://</code><em><host></em>[<code>:</code><em><port></em>]<code>/~</code><em><user></em><code>/</code><em><path-to-git-repo></em></p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>[<em><user></em><code>@</code>]<em><host></em><code>:~</code><em><user></em><code>/</code><em><path-to-git-repo></em></p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For local repositories, also supported by Git natively, the following
|
|
syntaxes may be used:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>/path/to/repo.git/</code></p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>file:///path/to/repo.git/</code></p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>These two syntaxes are mostly equivalent, except when cloning, when
|
|
the former implies <code>--local</code> option. See <a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a> for
|
|
details.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><code>git</code> <code>clone</code>, <code>git</code> <code>fetch</code> and <code>git</code> <code>pull</code>, but not <code>git</code> <code>push</code>, will also
|
|
accept a suitable bundle file. See <a href="git-bundle.html">git-bundle(1)</a>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>When Git doesn’t know how to handle a certain transport protocol, it
|
|
attempts to use the <code>remote-</code><em><transport></em> remote helper, if one
|
|
exists. To explicitly request a remote helper, the following syntax
|
|
may be used:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><em><transport></em><code>::</code><em><address></em></p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>where <em><address></em> may be a path, a server and path, or an arbitrary
|
|
URL-like string recognized by the specific remote helper being
|
|
invoked. See <a href="gitremote-helpers.html">gitremote-helpers(7)</a> for details.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If there are a large number of similarly-named remote repositories and
|
|
you want to use a different format for them (such that the URLs you
|
|
use will be rewritten into URLs that work), you can create a
|
|
configuration section of the form:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="verseblock">
|
|
<pre class="content"> [url "<em><actual-url-base></em>"]
|
|
insteadOf = <em><other-url-base></em></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For example, with this:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> [url "git://git.host.xz/"]
|
|
insteadOf = host.xz:/path/to/
|
|
insteadOf = work:</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>a URL like "work:repo.git" or like "host.xz:/path/to/repo.git" will be
|
|
rewritten in any context that takes a URL to be "git://git.host.xz/repo.git".</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If you want to rewrite URLs for push only, you can create a
|
|
configuration section of the form:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="verseblock">
|
|
<pre class="content"> [url "<em><actual-url-base></em>"]
|
|
pushInsteadOf = <em><other-url-base></em></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For example, with this:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> [url "ssh://example.org/"]
|
|
pushInsteadOf = git://example.org/</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>a URL like "git://example.org/path/to/repo.git" will be rewritten to
|
|
"ssh://example.org/path/to/repo.git" for pushes, but pulls will still
|
|
use the original URL.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_remotes">REMOTES<a id="REMOTES"></a></h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The name of one of the following can be used instead
|
|
of a URL as <em><repository></em> argument:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a remote in the Git configuration file: <code>$GIT_DIR/config</code>,</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a file in the <code>$GIT_DIR/remotes</code> directory, or</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a file in the <code>$GIT_DIR/branches</code> directory.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>All of these also allow you to omit the refspec from the command line
|
|
because they each contain a refspec which git will use by default.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_named_remote_in_configuration_file">Named remote in configuration file</h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>You can choose to provide the name of a remote which you had previously
|
|
configured using <a href="git-remote.html">git-remote(1)</a>, <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>
|
|
or even by a manual edit to the <code>$GIT_DIR/config</code> file. The URL of
|
|
this remote will be used to access the repository. The refspec
|
|
of this remote will be used by default when you do
|
|
not provide a refspec on the command line. The entry in the
|
|
config file would appear like this:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> [remote "<name>"]
|
|
url = <URL>
|
|
pushurl = <pushurl>
|
|
push = <refspec>
|
|
fetch = <refspec></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <em><pushurl></em> is used for pushes only. It is optional and defaults
|
|
to <em><URL></em>. Pushing to a remote affects all defined pushurls or all
|
|
defined urls if no pushurls are defined. Fetch, however, will only
|
|
fetch from the first defined url if multiple urls are defined.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_named_file_in_git_dirremotes">Named file in <code>$GIT_DIR/remotes</code></h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>You can choose to provide the name of a
|
|
file in <code>$GIT_DIR/remotes</code>. The URL
|
|
in this file will be used to access the repository. The refspec
|
|
in this file will be used as default when you do not
|
|
provide a refspec on the command line. This file should have the
|
|
following format:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> URL: one of the above URL formats
|
|
Push: <refspec>
|
|
Pull: <refspec></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><code>Push:</code> lines are used by <em>git push</em> and
|
|
<code>Pull:</code> lines are used by <em>git pull</em> and <em>git fetch</em>.
|
|
Multiple <code>Push:</code> and <code>Pull:</code> lines may
|
|
be specified for additional branch mappings.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect2">
|
|
<h3 id="_named_file_in_git_dirbranches">Named file in <code>$GIT_DIR/branches</code></h3>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>You can choose to provide the name of a
|
|
file in <code>$GIT_DIR/branches</code>.
|
|
The URL in this file will be used to access the repository.
|
|
This file should have the following format:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> <URL>#<head></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><em><URL></em> is required; #<em><head></em> is optional.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Depending on the operation, git will use one of the following
|
|
refspecs, if you don’t provide one on the command line.
|
|
<em><branch></em> is the name of this file in <code>$GIT_DIR/branches</code> and
|
|
<em><head></em> defaults to <code>master</code>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>git fetch uses:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> refs/heads/<head>:refs/heads/<branch></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>git push uses:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> HEAD:refs/heads/<head></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_configured_remote_tracking_branches">CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES<a id="CRTB"></a></h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>You often interact with the same remote repository by
|
|
regularly and repeatedly fetching from it. In order to keep track
|
|
of the progress of such a remote repository, <code>git</code> <code>fetch</code> allows you
|
|
to configure <code>remote.</code><em><repository></em><code>.fetch</code> configuration variables.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Typically such a variable may look like this:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>[remote "origin"]
|
|
fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This configuration is used in two ways:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>When <code>git</code> <code>fetch</code> is run without specifying what branches
|
|
and/or tags to fetch on the command line, e.g. <code>git</code> <code>fetch</code> <code>origin</code>
|
|
or <code>git</code> <code>fetch</code>, <code>remote.</code><em><repository></em><code>.fetch</code> values are used as
|
|
the refspecs—​they specify which refs to fetch and which local refs
|
|
to update. The example above will fetch
|
|
all branches that exist in the <code>origin</code> (i.e. any ref that matches
|
|
the left-hand side of the value, <code>refs/heads/</code>*) and update the
|
|
corresponding remote-tracking branches in the <code>refs/remotes/origin/</code>*
|
|
hierarchy.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>When <code>git</code> <code>fetch</code> is run with explicit branches and/or tags
|
|
to fetch on the command line, e.g. <code>git</code> <code>fetch</code> <code>origin</code> <code>master</code>, the
|
|
<refspec>s given on the command line determine what are to be
|
|
fetched (e.g. <code>master</code> in the example,
|
|
which is a short-hand for <code>master:</code>, which in turn means
|
|
"fetch the <em>master</em> branch but I do not explicitly say what
|
|
remote-tracking branch to update with it from the command line"),
|
|
and the example command will
|
|
fetch <em>only</em> the <em>master</em> branch. The <code>remote.</code><em><repository></em><code>.fetch</code>
|
|
values determine which
|
|
remote-tracking branch, if any, is updated. When used in this
|
|
way, the <code>remote.</code><em><repository></em><code>.fetch</code> values do not have any
|
|
effect in deciding <em>what</em> gets fetched (i.e. the values are not
|
|
used as refspecs when the command-line lists refspecs); they are
|
|
only used to decide <em>where</em> the refs that are fetched are stored
|
|
by acting as a mapping.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The latter use of the <code>remote.</code><em><repository></em><code>.fetch</code> values can be
|
|
overridden by giving the <code>--refmap=</code><em><refspec></em> parameter(s) on the
|
|
command line.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_pruning">PRUNING</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Git has a default disposition of keeping data unless it’s explicitly
|
|
thrown away; this extends to holding onto local references to branches
|
|
on remotes that have themselves deleted those branches.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If left to accumulate, these stale references might make performance
|
|
worse on big and busy repos that have a lot of branch churn, and
|
|
e.g. make the output of commands like <code>git</code> <code>branch</code> <code>-a</code> <code>--contains</code>
|
|
<em><commit></em> needlessly verbose, as well as impacting anything else
|
|
that’ll work with the complete set of known references.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>These remote-tracking references can be deleted as a one-off with
|
|
either of:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre># While fetching
|
|
$ git fetch --prune <name>
|
|
|
|
# Only prune, don't fetch
|
|
$ git remote prune <name></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>To prune references as part of your normal workflow without needing to
|
|
remember to run that, set <code>fetch.prune</code> globally, or
|
|
<code>remote.</code><em><name></em><code>.prune</code> per-remote in the config. See
|
|
<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Here’s where things get tricky and more specific. The pruning feature
|
|
doesn’t actually care about branches, instead it’ll prune local ←→
|
|
remote-references as a function of the refspec of the remote (see
|
|
<em><refspec></em> and <a href="#CRTB">CONFIGURED REMOTE-TRACKING BRANCHES</a> above).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Therefore if the refspec for the remote includes
|
|
e.g. <code>refs/tags/</code>*:refs/tags/*, or you manually run e.g. <code>git</code> <code>fetch</code>
|
|
<code>--prune</code> <em><name></em> "refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*" it won’t be stale remote
|
|
tracking branches that are deleted, but any local tag that doesn’t
|
|
exist on the remote.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This might not be what you expect, i.e. you want to prune remote
|
|
<em><name></em>, but also explicitly fetch tags from it, so when you fetch
|
|
from it you delete all your local tags, most of which may not have
|
|
come from the <em><name></em> remote in the first place.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>So be careful when using this with a refspec like
|
|
<code>refs/tags/</code>*:refs/tags/*, or any other refspec which might map
|
|
references from multiple remotes to the same local namespace.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Since keeping up-to-date with both branches and tags on the remote is
|
|
a common use-case the <code>--prune-tags</code> option can be supplied along with
|
|
<code>--prune</code> to prune local tags that don’t exist on the remote, and
|
|
force-update those tags that differ. Tag pruning can also be enabled
|
|
with <code>fetch.pruneTags</code> or <code>remote.</code><em><name></em><code>.pruneTags</code> in the config. See
|
|
<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <code>--prune-tags</code> option is equivalent to having
|
|
<code>refs/tags/</code>*:refs/tags/* declared in the refspecs of the remote. This
|
|
can lead to some seemingly strange interactions:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre># These both fetch tags
|
|
$ git fetch --no-tags origin 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*'
|
|
$ git fetch --no-tags --prune-tags origin</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The reason it doesn’t error out when provided without <code>--prune</code> or its
|
|
config versions is for flexibility of the configured versions, and to
|
|
maintain a 1=1 mapping between what the command line flags do, and
|
|
what the configuration versions do.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>It’s reasonable to e.g. configure <code>fetch.pruneTags=true</code> in
|
|
<code>~/.gitconfig</code> to have tags pruned whenever <code>git</code> <code>fetch</code> <code>--prune</code> is
|
|
run, without making every invocation of <code>git</code> <code>fetch</code> without <code>--prune</code>
|
|
an error.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Pruning tags with <code>--prune-tags</code> also works when fetching a URL
|
|
instead of a named remote. These will all prune tags not found on
|
|
origin:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ git fetch origin --prune --prune-tags
|
|
$ git fetch origin --prune 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*'
|
|
$ git fetch <url-of-origin> --prune --prune-tags
|
|
$ git fetch <url-of-origin> --prune 'refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*'</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_output">OUTPUT</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The output of "git fetch" depends on the transport method used; this
|
|
section describes the output when fetching over the Git protocol
|
|
(either locally or via ssh) and Smart HTTP protocol.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The status of the fetch is output in tabular form, with each line
|
|
representing the status of a single ref. Each line is of the form:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre> <flag> <summary> <from> -> <to> [<reason>]</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>When using <code>--porcelain</code>, the output format is intended to be
|
|
machine-parseable. In contrast to the human-readable output formats it
|
|
thus prints to standard output instead of standard error. Each line is
|
|
of the form:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><flag> <old-object-id> <new-object-id> <local-reference></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The status of up-to-date refs is shown only if the --verbose option is
|
|
used.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>In compact output mode, specified with configuration variable
|
|
fetch.output, if either entire <em><from></em> or <em><to></em> is found in the
|
|
other string, it will be substituted with * in the other string. For
|
|
example, <code>master</code> <code>-</code>> <code>origin/master</code> becomes <code>master</code> <code>-</code>> <code>origin/</code>*.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">flag</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>A single character indicating the status of the ref:</p>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">(space)</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>for a successfully fetched fast-forward;</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>+</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>for a successful forced update;</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>for a successfully pruned ref;</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>t</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>for a successful tag update;</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">*</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>for a successfully fetched new ref;</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">!</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>for a ref that was rejected or failed to update; and</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>=</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>for a ref that was up to date and did not need fetching.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">summary</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>For a successfully fetched ref, the summary shows the old and new
|
|
values of the ref in a form suitable for using as an argument to
|
|
<code>git</code> <code>log</code> (this is <em><old></em><code>..</code><em><new></em> in most cases, and
|
|
<em><old></em><code>...</code><em><new></em> for forced non-fast-forward updates).</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">from</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>The name of the remote ref being fetched from, minus its
|
|
<code>refs/</code><em><type></em><code>/</code> prefix. In the case of deletion, the name of
|
|
the remote ref is "(none)".</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">to</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>The name of the local ref being updated, minus its
|
|
<code>refs/</code><em><type></em><code>/</code> prefix.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">reason</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>A human-readable explanation. In the case of successfully fetched
|
|
refs, no explanation is needed. For a failed ref, the reason for
|
|
failure is described.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_examples">EXAMPLES</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Update the remote-tracking branches:</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ git fetch origin</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The above command copies all branches from the remote <code>refs/heads/</code>
|
|
namespace and stores them to the local <code>refs/remotes/origin/</code> namespace,
|
|
unless the <code>remote.</code><em><repository></em><code>.fetch</code> option is used to specify a
|
|
non-default refspec.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Using refspecs explicitly:</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ git fetch origin +seen:seen maint:tmp</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This updates (or creates, as necessary) branches <code>seen</code> and <code>tmp</code> in
|
|
the local repository by fetching from the branches (respectively)
|
|
<code>seen</code> and <code>maint</code> from the remote repository.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <code>seen</code> branch will be updated even if it does not fast-forward,
|
|
because it is prefixed with a plus sign; <code>tmp</code> will not be.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Peek at a remote’s branch, without configuring the remote in your local
|
|
repository:</p>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>$ git fetch git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git maint
|
|
$ git log FETCH_HEAD</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The first command fetches the <code>maint</code> branch from the repository at
|
|
<code>git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git</code> and the second command uses
|
|
<code>FETCH_HEAD</code> to examine the branch with <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>. The fetched
|
|
objects will eventually be removed by git’s built-in housekeeping (see
|
|
<a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_security">SECURITY</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The fetch and push protocols are not designed to prevent one side from
|
|
stealing data from the other repository that was not intended to be
|
|
shared. If you have private data that you need to protect from a malicious
|
|
peer, your best option is to store it in another repository. This applies
|
|
to both clients and servers. In particular, namespaces on a server are not
|
|
effective for read access control; you should only grant read access to a
|
|
namespace to clients that you would trust with read access to the entire
|
|
repository.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The known attack vectors are as follows:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The victim sends "have" lines advertising the IDs of objects it has that
|
|
are not explicitly intended to be shared but can be used to optimize the
|
|
transfer if the peer also has them. The attacker chooses an object ID X
|
|
to steal and sends a ref to X, but isn’t required to send the content of
|
|
X because the victim already has it. Now the victim believes that the
|
|
attacker has X, and it sends the content of X back to the attacker
|
|
later. (This attack is most straightforward for a client to perform on a
|
|
server, by creating a ref to X in the namespace the client has access
|
|
to and then fetching it. The most likely way for a server to perform it
|
|
on a client is to "merge" X into a public branch and hope that the user
|
|
does additional work on this branch and pushes it back to the server
|
|
without noticing the merge.)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>As in #1, the attacker chooses an object ID X to steal. The victim sends
|
|
an object Y that the attacker already has, and the attacker falsely
|
|
claims to have X and not Y, so the victim sends Y as a delta against X.
|
|
The delta reveals regions of X that are similar to Y to the attacker.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Everything below this line in this section is selectively included
|
|
from the <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> documentation. The content is the same
|
|
as what’s found there:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">fetch.recurseSubmodules</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>This option controls whether <code>git</code> <code>fetch</code> (and the underlying fetch
|
|
in <code>git</code> <code>pull</code>) will recursively fetch into populated submodules.
|
|
This option can be set either to a boolean value or to <em>on-demand</em>.
|
|
Setting it to a boolean changes the behavior of fetch and pull to
|
|
recurse unconditionally into submodules when set to true or to not
|
|
recurse at all when set to false. When set to <em>on-demand</em>, fetch and
|
|
pull will only recurse into a populated submodule when its
|
|
superproject retrieves a commit that updates the submodule’s
|
|
reference.
|
|
Defaults to <em>on-demand</em>, or to the value of <em>submodule.recurse</em> if set.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">fetch.fsckObjects</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>If it is set to true, git-fetch-pack will check all fetched
|
|
objects. See <code>transfer.fsckObjects</code> for what’s
|
|
checked. Defaults to false. If not set, the value of
|
|
<code>transfer.fsckObjects</code> is used instead.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">fetch.fsck.<msg-id></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Acts like <code>fsck.</code><em><msg-id></em>, but is used by
|
|
<a href="git-fetch-pack.html">git-fetch-pack(1)</a> instead of <a href="git-fsck.html">git-fsck(1)</a>. See
|
|
the <code>fsck.</code><em><msg-id></em> documentation for details.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">fetch.fsck.skipList</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Acts like <code>fsck.skipList</code>, but is used by
|
|
<a href="git-fetch-pack.html">git-fetch-pack(1)</a> instead of <a href="git-fsck.html">git-fsck(1)</a>. See
|
|
the <code>fsck.skipList</code> documentation for details.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">fetch.unpackLimit</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>If the number of objects fetched over the Git native
|
|
transfer is below this
|
|
limit, then the objects will be unpacked into loose object
|
|
files. However if the number of received objects equals or
|
|
exceeds this limit then the received pack will be stored as
|
|
a pack, after adding any missing delta bases. Storing the
|
|
pack from a push can make the push operation complete faster,
|
|
especially on slow filesystems. If not set, the value of
|
|
<code>transfer.unpackLimit</code> is used instead.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">fetch.prune</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>If true, fetch will automatically behave as if the <code>--prune</code>
|
|
option was given on the command line. See also <code>remote.</code><em><name></em><code>.prune</code>
|
|
and the PRUNING section of <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">fetch.pruneTags</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>If true, fetch will automatically behave as if the
|
|
<code>refs/tags/</code>*:refs/tags/* refspec was provided when pruning,
|
|
if not set already. This allows for setting both this option
|
|
and <code>fetch.prune</code> to maintain a 1=1 mapping to upstream
|
|
refs. See also <code>remote.</code><em><name></em><code>.pruneTags</code> and the PRUNING
|
|
section of <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">fetch.all</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>If true, fetch will attempt to update all available remotes.
|
|
This behavior can be overridden by passing <code>--no-all</code> or by
|
|
explicitly specifying one or more remote(s) to fetch from.
|
|
Defaults to false.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">fetch.output</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Control how ref update status is printed. Valid values are
|
|
<code>full</code> and <code>compact</code>. Default value is <code>full</code>. See the
|
|
OUTPUT section in <a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a> for details.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">fetch.negotiationAlgorithm</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Control how information about the commits in the local repository
|
|
is sent when negotiating the contents of the packfile to be sent by
|
|
the server. Set to "consecutive" to use an algorithm that walks
|
|
over consecutive commits checking each one. Set to "skipping" to
|
|
use an algorithm that skips commits in an effort to converge
|
|
faster, but may result in a larger-than-necessary packfile; or set
|
|
to "noop" to not send any information at all, which will almost
|
|
certainly result in a larger-than-necessary packfile, but will skip
|
|
the negotiation step. Set to "default" to override settings made
|
|
previously and use the default behaviour. The default is normally
|
|
"consecutive", but if <code>feature.experimental</code> is true, then the
|
|
default is "skipping". Unknown values will cause <em>git fetch</em> to
|
|
error out.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>See also the <code>--negotiate-only</code> and <code>--negotiation-tip</code> options to
|
|
<a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">fetch.showForcedUpdates</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Set to false to enable <code>--no-show-forced-updates</code> in
|
|
<a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a> and <a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a> commands.
|
|
Defaults to true.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">fetch.parallel</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Specifies the maximal number of fetch operations to be run in parallel
|
|
at a time (submodules, or remotes when the <code>--multiple</code> option of
|
|
<a href="git-fetch.html">git-fetch(1)</a> is in effect).</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>A value of 0 will give some reasonable default. If unset, it defaults to 1.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For submodules, this setting can be overridden using the <code>submodule.fetchJobs</code>
|
|
config setting.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">fetch.writeCommitGraph</dt>
|
|
<dd>
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<p>Set to true to write a commit-graph after every <code>git</code> <code>fetch</code> command
|
|
that downloads a pack-file from a remote. Using the <code>--split</code> option,
|
|
most executions will create a very small commit-graph file on top of
|
|
the existing commit-graph file(s). Occasionally, these files will
|
|
merge and the write may take longer. Having an updated commit-graph
|
|
file helps performance of many Git commands, including <code>git</code> <code>merge-base</code>,
|
|
<code>git</code> <code>push</code> <code>-f</code>, and <code>git</code> <code>log</code> <code>--graph</code>. Defaults to false.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">fetch.bundleURI</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>This value stores a URI for downloading Git object data from a bundle
|
|
URI before performing an incremental fetch from the origin Git server.
|
|
This is similar to how the <code>--bundle-uri</code> option behaves in
|
|
<a href="git-clone.html">git-clone(1)</a>. <code>git</code> <code>clone</code> <code>--bundle-uri</code> will set the
|
|
<code>fetch.bundleURI</code> value if the supplied bundle URI contains a bundle
|
|
list that is organized for incremental fetches.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If you modify this value and your repository has a <code>fetch.bundleCreationToken</code>
|
|
value, then remove that <code>fetch.bundleCreationToken</code> value before fetching from
|
|
the new bundle URI.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">fetch.bundleCreationToken</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>When using <code>fetch.bundleURI</code> to fetch incrementally from a bundle
|
|
list that uses the "creationToken" heuristic, this config value
|
|
stores the maximum <code>creationToken</code> value of the downloaded bundles.
|
|
This value is used to prevent downloading bundles in the future
|
|
if the advertised <code>creationToken</code> is not strictly larger than this
|
|
value.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The creation token values are chosen by the provider serving the specific
|
|
bundle URI. If you modify the URI at <code>fetch.bundleURI</code>, then be sure to
|
|
remove the value for the <code>fetch.bundleCreationToken</code> value before fetching.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_bugs">BUGS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Using --recurse-submodules can only fetch new commits in submodules that are
|
|
present locally e.g. in <code>$GIT_DIR/modules/</code>. If the upstream adds a new
|
|
submodule, that submodule cannot be fetched until it is cloned e.g. by <code>git</code>
|
|
<code>submodule</code> <code>update</code>. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git version.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><a href="git-pull.html">git-pull(1)</a></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
Last updated 2025-03-17 07:09:38 UTC
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</div>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html> |