2154 lines
95 KiB
HTML
2154 lines
95 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
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<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/>
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>
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<meta name="generator" content="Asciidoctor 2.0.23"/>
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<title>git-diff-index(1)</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"/>
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<style>
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/*! Asciidoctor default stylesheet | MIT License | https://asciidoctor.org */
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/* Uncomment the following line when using as a custom stylesheet */
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/* @import "https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic%7CNoto+Serif:400,400italic,700,700italic%7CDroid+Sans+Mono:400,700"; */
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html{font-family:sans-serif;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}
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a{background:none}
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</head>
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<body class="manpage">
|
|
<div id="header">
|
|
<h1>git-diff-index(1) Manual Page</h1>
|
|
<h2 id="_name">NAME</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<p>git-diff-index - Compare a tree to the working tree or index</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="content">
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="verseblock">
|
|
<pre class="content"><em>git diff-index</em> [-m] [--cached] [--merge-base] [<common-diff-options>] <tree-ish> [<path>…​]</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Compare the content and mode of the blobs found in a tree object
|
|
with the corresponding tracked files in the working tree, or with the
|
|
corresponding paths in the index. When <path> arguments are present,
|
|
compare only paths matching those patterns. Otherwise all tracked
|
|
files are compared.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-p</code></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-u</code></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--patch</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Generate patch (see <a href="#generate_patch_text_with_p">Generating patch text with -p</a>).</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-s</code></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--no-patch</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Suppress all output from the diff machinery. Useful for
|
|
commands like <code>git</code> <code>show</code> that show the patch by default to
|
|
squelch their output, or to cancel the effect of options like
|
|
<code>--patch</code>, <code>--stat</code> earlier on the command line in an alias.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-U</code><em><n></em></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--unified=</code><em><n></em></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Generate diffs with <em><n></em> lines of context instead of
|
|
the usual three.
|
|
Implies <code>--patch</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--output=</code><em><file></em></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Output to a specific file instead of stdout.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--output-indicator-new=</code><em><char></em></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--output-indicator-old=</code><em><char></em></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--output-indicator-context=</code><em><char></em></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Specify the character used to indicate new, old or context
|
|
lines in the generated patch. Normally they are <code>+</code>, <code>-</code> and
|
|
' ' respectively.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--raw</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Generate the diff in raw format.
|
|
This is the default.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--patch-with-raw</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Synonym for <code>-p</code> <code>--raw</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--indent-heuristic</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Enable the heuristic that shifts diff hunk boundaries to make patches
|
|
easier to read. This is the default.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--no-indent-heuristic</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Disable the indent heuristic.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--minimal</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible
|
|
diff is produced.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--patience</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Generate a diff using the "patience diff" algorithm.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--histogram</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Generate a diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--anchored=</code><em><text></em></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Generate a diff using the "anchored diff" algorithm.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This option may be specified more than once.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If a line exists in both the source and destination, exists only once,
|
|
and starts with <em><text></em>, this algorithm attempts to prevent it from
|
|
appearing as a deletion or addition in the output. It uses the "patience
|
|
diff" algorithm internally.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--diff-algorithm=</code>(<code>patience</code>|<code>minimal</code>|<code>histogram</code>|<code>myers</code>)</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Choose a diff algorithm. The variants are as follows:</p>
|
|
<div class="openblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>default</code></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>myers</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>The basic greedy diff algorithm. Currently, this is the default.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>minimal</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Spend extra time to make sure the smallest possible diff is
|
|
produced.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>patience</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Use "patience diff" algorithm when generating patches.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>histogram</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>This algorithm extends the patience algorithm to "support
|
|
low-occurrence common elements".</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For instance, if you configured the <code>diff.algorithm</code> variable to a
|
|
non-default value and want to use the default one, then you
|
|
have to use <code>--diff-algorithm=default</code> option.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--stat</code>[<code>=</code><em><width></em>[<code>,</code><em><name-width></em>[<code>,</code><em><count></em>]]]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Generate a diffstat. By default, as much space as necessary
|
|
will be used for the filename part, and the rest for the graph
|
|
part. Maximum width defaults to terminal width, or 80 columns
|
|
if not connected to a terminal, and can be overridden by
|
|
<em><width></em>. The width of the filename part can be limited by
|
|
giving another width <em><name-width></em> after a comma or by setting
|
|
<code>diff.statNameWidth=</code><em><name-width></em>. The width of the graph part can be
|
|
limited by using <code>--stat-graph-width=</code><em><graph-width></em> or by setting
|
|
<code>diff.statGraphWidth=</code><em><graph-width></em>. Using <code>--stat</code> or
|
|
<code>--stat-graph-width</code> affects all commands generating a stat graph,
|
|
while setting <code>diff.statNameWidth</code> or <code>diff.statGraphWidth</code>
|
|
does not affect <code>git</code> <code>format-patch</code>.
|
|
By giving a third parameter <em><count></em>, you can limit the output to
|
|
the first <em><count></em> lines, followed by ... if there are more.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>These parameters can also be set individually with <code>--stat-width=</code><em><width></em>,
|
|
<code>--stat-name-width=</code><em><name-width></em> and <code>--stat-count=</code><em><count></em>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--compact-summary</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Output a condensed summary of extended header information such
|
|
as file creations or deletions ("new" or "gone", optionally <code>+l</code>
|
|
if it’s a symlink) and mode changes (<code>+x</code> or <code>-x</code> for adding
|
|
or removing executable bit respectively) in diffstat. The
|
|
information is put between the filename part and the graph
|
|
part. Implies <code>--stat</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--numstat</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Similar to <code>--stat</code>, but shows number of added and
|
|
deleted lines in decimal notation and pathname without
|
|
abbreviation, to make it more machine friendly. For
|
|
binary files, outputs two <code>-</code> instead of saying
|
|
<code>0</code> <code>0</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--shortstat</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Output only the last line of the <code>--stat</code> format containing total
|
|
number of modified files, as well as number of added and deleted
|
|
lines.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-X</code> [<em><param></em><code>,..</code>.]</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--dirstat</code>[<code>=</code><em><param></em><code>,..</code>.]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Output the distribution of relative amount of changes for each
|
|
sub-directory. The behavior of <code>--dirstat</code> can be customized by
|
|
passing it a comma separated list of parameters.
|
|
The defaults are controlled by the <code>diff.dirstat</code> configuration
|
|
variable (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).
|
|
The following parameters are available:</p>
|
|
<div class="openblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>changes</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the lines that have been
|
|
removed from the source, or added to the destination. This ignores
|
|
the amount of pure code movements within a file. In other words,
|
|
rearranging lines in a file is not counted as much as other changes.
|
|
This is the default behavior when no parameter is given.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>lines</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Compute the dirstat numbers by doing the regular line-based diff
|
|
analysis, and summing the removed/added line counts. (For binary
|
|
files, count 64-byte chunks instead, since binary files have no
|
|
natural concept of lines). This is a more expensive <code>--dirstat</code>
|
|
behavior than the <code>changes</code> behavior, but it does count rearranged
|
|
lines within a file as much as other changes. The resulting output
|
|
is consistent with what you get from the other <code>--</code>*stat options.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>files</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Compute the dirstat numbers by counting the number of files changed.
|
|
Each changed file counts equally in the dirstat analysis. This is
|
|
the computationally cheapest <code>--dirstat</code> behavior, since it does
|
|
not have to look at the file contents at all.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>cumulative</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Count changes in a child directory for the parent directory as well.
|
|
Note that when using <code>cumulative</code>, the sum of the percentages
|
|
reported may exceed 100%. The default (non-cumulative) behavior can
|
|
be specified with the <code>noncumulative</code> parameter.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><em><limit></em></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>An integer parameter specifies a cut-off percent (3% by default).
|
|
Directories contributing less than this percentage of the changes
|
|
are not shown in the output.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Example: The following will count changed files, while ignoring
|
|
directories with less than 10% of the total amount of changed files,
|
|
and accumulating child directory counts in the parent directories:
|
|
<code>--dirstat=files,10,cumulative</code>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--cumulative</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Synonym for <code>--dirstat=cumulative</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--dirstat-by-file</code>[<code>=</code><em><param></em><code>,..</code>.]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Synonym for <code>--dirstat=files,</code><em><param></em><code>,..</code>..</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--summary</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Output a condensed summary of extended header information
|
|
such as creations, renames and mode changes.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--patch-with-stat</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Synonym for <code>-p</code> <code>--stat</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-z</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>When <code>--raw</code>, <code>--numstat</code>, <code>--name-only</code> or <code>--name-status</code> has been
|
|
given, do not munge pathnames and use NULs as output field terminators.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Without this option, pathnames with "unusual" characters are quoted as
|
|
explained for the configuration variable <code>core.quotePath</code> (see
|
|
<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--name-only</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Show only the name of each changed file in the post-image tree.
|
|
The file names are often encoded in UTF-8.
|
|
For more information see the discussion about encoding in the <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>
|
|
manual page.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--name-status</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Show only the name(s) and status of each changed file. See the description
|
|
of the <code>--diff-filter</code> option on what the status letters mean.
|
|
Just like <code>--name-only</code> the file names are often encoded in UTF-8.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--submodule</code>[<code>=</code><em><format></em>]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Specify how differences in submodules are shown. When specifying
|
|
<code>--submodule=short</code> the <code>short</code> format is used. This format just
|
|
shows the names of the commits at the beginning and end of the range.
|
|
When <code>--submodule</code> or <code>--submodule=log</code> is specified, the <code>log</code>
|
|
format is used. This format lists the commits in the range like
|
|
<a href="git-submodule.html">git-submodule(1)</a> <code>summary</code> does. When <code>--submodule=diff</code>
|
|
is specified, the <code>diff</code> format is used. This format shows an
|
|
inline diff of the changes in the submodule contents between the
|
|
commit range. Defaults to <code>diff.submodule</code> or the <code>short</code> format
|
|
if the config option is unset.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--color</code>[<code>=</code><em><when></em>]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Show colored diff.
|
|
<code>--color</code> (i.e. without <code>=</code><em><when></em>) is the same as <code>--color=always</code>.
|
|
<em><when></em> can be one of <code>always</code>, <code>never</code>, or <code>auto</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--no-color</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Turn off colored diff.
|
|
It is the same as <code>--color=never</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--color-moved</code>[<code>=</code><em><mode></em>]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Moved lines of code are colored differently.
|
|
The <em><mode></em> defaults to <code>no</code> if the option is not given
|
|
and to <code>zebra</code> if the option with no mode is given.
|
|
The mode must be one of:</p>
|
|
<div class="openblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>no</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Moved lines are not highlighted.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>default</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Is a synonym for <code>zebra</code>. This may change to a more sensible mode
|
|
in the future.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>plain</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Any line that is added in one location and was removed
|
|
in another location will be colored with <code>color.diff.newMoved</code>.
|
|
Similarly <code>color.diff.oldMoved</code> will be used for removed lines
|
|
that are added somewhere else in the diff. This mode picks up any
|
|
moved line, but it is not very useful in a review to determine
|
|
if a block of code was moved without permutation.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>blocks</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Blocks of moved text of at least 20 alphanumeric characters
|
|
are detected greedily. The detected blocks are
|
|
painted using either the <code>color.diff.</code>(<code>old</code>|<code>new</code>)<code>Moved</code> color.
|
|
Adjacent blocks cannot be told apart.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>zebra</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Blocks of moved text are detected as in <code>blocks</code> mode. The blocks
|
|
are painted using either the <code>color.diff.</code>(<code>old</code>|<code>new</code>)<code>Moved</code> color or
|
|
<code>color.diff.</code>(<code>old</code>|<code>new</code>)<code>MovedAlternative</code>. The change between
|
|
the two colors indicates that a new block was detected.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>dimmed-zebra</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Similar to <code>zebra</code>, but additional dimming of uninteresting parts
|
|
of moved code is performed. The bordering lines of two adjacent
|
|
blocks are considered interesting, the rest is uninteresting.
|
|
<code>dimmed_zebra</code> is a deprecated synonym.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--no-color-moved</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Turn off move detection. This can be used to override configuration
|
|
settings. It is the same as <code>--color-moved=no</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--color-moved-ws=</code><em><mode></em><code>,..</code>.</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>This configures how whitespace is ignored when performing the
|
|
move detection for <code>--color-moved</code>.
|
|
These modes can be given as a comma separated list:</p>
|
|
<div class="openblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>no</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Do not ignore whitespace when performing move detection.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>ignore-space-at-eol</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Ignore changes in whitespace at EOL.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>ignore-space-change</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Ignore changes in amount of whitespace. This ignores whitespace
|
|
at line end, and considers all other sequences of one or
|
|
more whitespace characters to be equivalent.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>ignore-all-space</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Ignore whitespace when comparing lines. This ignores differences
|
|
even if one line has whitespace where the other line has none.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>allow-indentation-change</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Initially ignore any whitespace in the move detection, then
|
|
group the moved code blocks only into a block if the change in
|
|
whitespace is the same per line. This is incompatible with the
|
|
other modes.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--no-color-moved-ws</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Do not ignore whitespace when performing move detection. This can be
|
|
used to override configuration settings. It is the same as
|
|
<code>--color-moved-ws=no</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--word-diff</code>[<code>=</code><em><mode></em>]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>By default, words are delimited by whitespace; see
|
|
<code>--word-diff-regex</code> below. The <em><mode></em> defaults to <code>plain</code>, and
|
|
must be one of:</p>
|
|
<div class="openblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>color</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Highlight changed words using only colors. Implies <code>--color</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>plain</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Show words as [<code>-removed-</code>] and {<code>added</code>}. Makes no
|
|
attempts to escape the delimiters if they appear in the input,
|
|
so the output may be ambiguous.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>porcelain</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Use a special line-based format intended for script
|
|
consumption. Added/removed/unchanged runs are printed in the
|
|
usual unified diff format, starting with a <code>+</code>/<code>-</code>/` `
|
|
character at the beginning of the line and extending to the
|
|
end of the line. Newlines in the input are represented by a
|
|
tilde <code>~</code> on a line of its own.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>none</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Disable word diff again.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Note that despite the name of the first mode, color is used to
|
|
highlight the changed parts in all modes if enabled.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--word-diff-regex=</code><em><regex></em></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Use <em><regex></em> to decide what a word is, instead of considering
|
|
runs of non-whitespace to be a word. Also implies
|
|
<code>--word-diff</code> unless it was already enabled.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Every non-overlapping match of the
|
|
<em><regex></em> is considered a word. Anything between these matches is
|
|
considered whitespace and ignored(!) for the purposes of finding
|
|
differences. You may want to append |[<code>^</code>[<code>:space:</code>]] to your regular
|
|
expression to make sure that it matches all non-whitespace characters.
|
|
A match that contains a newline is silently truncated(!) at the
|
|
newline.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For example, <code>--word-diff-regex=.</code> will treat each character as a word
|
|
and, correspondingly, show differences character by character.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The regex can also be set via a diff driver or configuration option, see
|
|
<a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a> or <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>. Giving it explicitly
|
|
overrides any diff driver or configuration setting. Diff drivers
|
|
override configuration settings.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--color-words</code>[<code>=</code><em><regex></em>]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Equivalent to <code>--word-diff=color</code> plus (if a regex was
|
|
specified) <code>--word-diff-regex=</code><em><regex></em>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--no-renames</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Turn off rename detection, even when the configuration
|
|
file gives the default to do so.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--</code>[<code>no-</code>]<code>rename-empty</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Whether to use empty blobs as rename source.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--check</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Warn if changes introduce conflict markers or whitespace errors.
|
|
What are considered whitespace errors is controlled by <code>core.whitespace</code>
|
|
configuration. By default, trailing whitespaces (including
|
|
lines that consist solely of whitespaces) and a space character
|
|
that is immediately followed by a tab character inside the
|
|
initial indent of the line are considered whitespace errors.
|
|
Exits with non-zero status if problems are found. Not compatible
|
|
with <code>--exit-code</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--ws-error-highlight=</code><em><kind></em></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Highlight whitespace errors in the <code>context</code>, <code>old</code> or <code>new</code>
|
|
lines of the diff. Multiple values are separated by comma,
|
|
<code>none</code> resets previous values, <code>default</code> reset the list to
|
|
<code>new</code> and <code>all</code> is a shorthand for <code>old,new,context</code>. When
|
|
this option is not given, and the configuration variable
|
|
<code>diff.wsErrorHighlight</code> is not set, only whitespace errors in
|
|
<code>new</code> lines are highlighted. The whitespace errors are colored
|
|
with <code>color.diff.whitespace</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--full-index</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Instead of the first handful of characters, show the full
|
|
pre- and post-image blob object names on the "index"
|
|
line when generating patch format output.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--binary</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>In addition to <code>--full-index</code>, output a binary diff that
|
|
can be applied with <code>git-apply</code>.
|
|
Implies <code>--patch</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--abbrev</code>[<code>=</code><em><n></em>]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal object
|
|
name in diff-raw format output and diff-tree header
|
|
lines, show the shortest prefix that is at least <em><n></em>
|
|
hexdigits long that uniquely refers the object.
|
|
In diff-patch output format, <code>--full-index</code> takes higher
|
|
precedence, i.e. if <code>--full-index</code> is specified, full blob
|
|
names will be shown regardless of <code>--abbrev</code>.
|
|
Non default number of digits can be specified with <code>--abbrev=</code><em><n></em>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-B</code>[<em><n></em>][<code>/</code><em><m></em>]</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--break-rewrites</code>[<code>=</code>[<em><n></em>][<code>/</code><em><m></em>]]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and
|
|
create. This serves two purposes:</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>It affects the way a change that amounts to a total rewrite of a file
|
|
not as a series of deletion and insertion mixed together with a very
|
|
few lines that happen to match textually as the context, but as a
|
|
single deletion of everything old followed by a single insertion of
|
|
everything new, and the number <em><m></em> controls this aspect of the <code>-B</code>
|
|
option (defaults to 60%). <code>-B/70</code>% specifies that less than 30% of the
|
|
original should remain in the result for Git to consider it a total
|
|
rewrite (i.e. otherwise the resulting patch will be a series of
|
|
deletion and insertion mixed together with context lines).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>When used with <code>-M</code>, a totally-rewritten file is also considered as the
|
|
source of a rename (usually <code>-M</code> only considers a file that disappeared
|
|
as the source of a rename), and the number <em><n></em> controls this aspect of
|
|
the <code>-B</code> option (defaults to 50%). <code>-B20</code>% specifies that a change with
|
|
addition and deletion compared to 20% or more of the file’s size are
|
|
eligible for being picked up as a possible source of a rename to
|
|
another file.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-M</code>[<em><n></em>]</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--find-renames</code>[<code>=</code><em><n></em>]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Detect renames.
|
|
If <em><n></em> is specified, it is a threshold on the similarity
|
|
index (i.e. amount of addition/deletions compared to the
|
|
file’s size). For example, <code>-M90</code>% means Git should consider a
|
|
delete/add pair to be a rename if more than 90% of the file
|
|
hasn’t changed. Without a % sign, the number is to be read as
|
|
a fraction, with a decimal point before it. I.e., <code>-M5</code> becomes
|
|
0.5, and is thus the same as <code>-M50</code>%. Similarly, <code>-M05</code> is
|
|
the same as <code>-M5</code>%. To limit detection to exact renames, use
|
|
<code>-M100</code>%. The default similarity index is 50%.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-C</code>[<em><n></em>]</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--find-copies</code>[<code>=</code><em><n></em>]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Detect copies as well as renames. See also <code>--find-copies-harder</code>.
|
|
If <em><n></em> is specified, it has the same meaning as for <code>-M</code><em><n></em>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--find-copies-harder</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>For performance reasons, by default, <code>-C</code> option finds copies only
|
|
if the original file of the copy was modified in the same
|
|
changeset. This flag makes the command
|
|
inspect unmodified files as candidates for the source of
|
|
copy. This is a very expensive operation for large
|
|
projects, so use it with caution. Giving more than one
|
|
<code>-C</code> option has the same effect.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-D</code></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--irreversible-delete</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Omit the preimage for deletes, i.e. print only the header but not
|
|
the diff between the preimage and <code>/dev/null</code>. The resulting patch
|
|
is not meant to be applied with <code>patch</code> or <code>git</code> <code>apply</code>; this is
|
|
solely for people who want to just concentrate on reviewing the
|
|
text after the change. In addition, the output obviously lacks
|
|
enough information to apply such a patch in reverse, even manually,
|
|
hence the name of the option.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>When used together with <code>-B</code>, omit also the preimage in the deletion part
|
|
of a delete/create pair.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-l</code><em><num></em></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>The <code>-M</code> and <code>-C</code> options involve some preliminary steps that
|
|
can detect subsets of renames/copies cheaply, followed by an
|
|
exhaustive fallback portion that compares all remaining
|
|
unpaired destinations to all relevant sources. (For renames,
|
|
only remaining unpaired sources are relevant; for copies, all
|
|
original sources are relevant.) For N sources and
|
|
destinations, this exhaustive check is O(N^2). This option
|
|
prevents the exhaustive portion of rename/copy detection from
|
|
running if the number of source/destination files involved
|
|
exceeds the specified number. Defaults to <code>diff.renameLimit</code>.
|
|
Note that a value of 0 is treated as unlimited.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--diff-filter=</code>[(<code>A</code>|<code>C</code>|<code>D</code>|<code>M</code>|<code>R</code>|<code>T</code>|<code>U</code>|<code>X</code>|<code>B</code>)<code>...</code>[*]]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Select only files that are Added (<code>A</code>), Copied (<code>C</code>),
|
|
Deleted (<code>D</code>), Modified (<code>M</code>), Renamed (<code>R</code>), have their
|
|
type (i.e. regular file, symlink, submodule, …​) changed (<code>T</code>),
|
|
are Unmerged (<code>U</code>), are
|
|
Unknown (<code>X</code>), or have had their pairing Broken (<code>B</code>).
|
|
Any combination of the filter characters (including none) can be used.
|
|
When * (All-or-none) is added to the combination, all
|
|
paths are selected if there is any file that matches
|
|
other criteria in the comparison; if there is no file
|
|
that matches other criteria, nothing is selected.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Also, these upper-case letters can be downcased to exclude. E.g.
|
|
<code>--diff-filter=ad</code> excludes added and deleted paths.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Note that not all diffs can feature all types. For instance, copied and
|
|
renamed entries cannot appear if detection for those types is disabled.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-S</code><em><string></em></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Look for differences that change the number of occurrences of
|
|
the specified <em><string></em> (i.e. addition/deletion) in a file.
|
|
Intended for the scripter’s use.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>It is useful when you’re looking for an exact block of code (like a
|
|
struct), and want to know the history of that block since it first
|
|
came into being: use the feature iteratively to feed the interesting
|
|
block in the preimage back into <code>-S</code>, and keep going until you get the
|
|
very first version of the block.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Binary files are searched as well.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-G</code><em><regex></em></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Look for differences whose patch text contains added/removed
|
|
lines that match <em><regex></em>.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>To illustrate the difference between <code>-S</code><em><regex></em> <code>--pickaxe-regex</code> and
|
|
<code>-G</code><em><regex></em>, consider a commit with the following diff in the same
|
|
file:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>+ return frotz(nitfol, two->ptr, 1, 0);
|
|
...
|
|
- hit = frotz(nitfol, mf2.ptr, 1, 0);</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>While <code>git</code> <code>log</code> <code>-G</code>"frotz\(<code>nitfol</code>" will show this commit, <code>git</code> <code>log</code>
|
|
<code>-S</code>"frotz\(<code>nitfol</code>" <code>--pickaxe-regex</code> will not (because the number of
|
|
occurrences of that string did not change).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Unless <code>--text</code> is supplied patches of binary files without a textconv
|
|
filter will be ignored.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>See the <em>pickaxe</em> entry in <a href="gitdiffcore.html">gitdiffcore(7)</a> for more
|
|
information.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--find-object=</code><em><object-id></em></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Look for differences that change the number of occurrences of
|
|
the specified object. Similar to <code>-S</code>, just the argument is different
|
|
in that it doesn’t search for a specific string but for a specific
|
|
object id.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The object can be a blob or a submodule commit. It implies the <code>-t</code> option in
|
|
<code>git-log</code> to also find trees.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--pickaxe-all</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>When <code>-S</code> or <code>-G</code> finds a change, show all the changes in that
|
|
changeset, not just the files that contain the change
|
|
in <em><string></em>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--pickaxe-regex</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Treat the <em><string></em> given to <code>-S</code> as an extended POSIX regular
|
|
expression to match.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-O</code><em><orderfile></em></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Control the order in which files appear in the output.
|
|
This overrides the <code>diff.orderFile</code> configuration variable
|
|
(see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). To cancel <code>diff.orderFile</code>,
|
|
use <code>-O/dev/null</code>.</p>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The output order is determined by the order of glob patterns in
|
|
<em><orderfile></em>.
|
|
All files with pathnames that match the first pattern are output
|
|
first, all files with pathnames that match the second pattern (but not
|
|
the first) are output next, and so on.
|
|
All files with pathnames that do not match any pattern are output
|
|
last, as if there was an implicit match-all pattern at the end of the
|
|
file.
|
|
If multiple pathnames have the same rank (they match the same pattern
|
|
but no earlier patterns), their output order relative to each other is
|
|
the normal order.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><em><orderfile></em> is parsed as follows:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="openblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Blank lines are ignored, so they can be used as separators for
|
|
readability.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Lines starting with a hash ("#") are ignored, so they can be used
|
|
for comments. Add a backslash ("\") to the beginning of the
|
|
pattern if it starts with a hash.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Each other line contains a single pattern.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Patterns have the same syntax and semantics as patterns used for
|
|
<code>fnmatch</code>(3) without the <code>FNM_PATHNAME</code> flag, except a pathname also
|
|
matches a pattern if removing any number of the final pathname
|
|
components matches the pattern. For example, the pattern "<code>foo</code>*bar"
|
|
matches "<code>fooasdfbar</code>" and "<code>foo/bar/baz/asdf</code>" but not "<code>foobarx</code>".</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--skip-to=</code><em><file></em></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--rotate-to=</code><em><file></em></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Discard the files before the named <em><file></em> from the output
|
|
(i.e. <em>skip to</em>), or move them to the end of the output
|
|
(i.e. <em>rotate to</em>). These options were invented primarily for the use
|
|
of the <code>git</code> <code>difftool</code> command, and may not be very useful
|
|
otherwise.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-R</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Swap two inputs; that is, show differences from index or
|
|
on-disk file to tree contents.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--relative</code>[<code>=</code><em><path></em>]</dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--no-relative</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>When run from a subdirectory of the project, it can be
|
|
told to exclude changes outside the directory and show
|
|
pathnames relative to it with this option. When you are
|
|
not in a subdirectory (e.g. in a bare repository), you
|
|
can name which subdirectory to make the output relative
|
|
to by giving a <em><path></em> as an argument.
|
|
<code>--no-relative</code> can be used to countermand both <code>diff.relative</code> config
|
|
option and previous <code>--relative</code>.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-a</code></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--text</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Treat all files as text.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--ignore-cr-at-eol</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Ignore carriage-return at the end of line when doing a comparison.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--ignore-space-at-eol</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Ignore changes in whitespace at EOL.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-b</code></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--ignore-space-change</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Ignore changes in amount of whitespace. This ignores whitespace
|
|
at line end, and considers all other sequences of one or
|
|
more whitespace characters to be equivalent.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-w</code></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--ignore-all-space</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Ignore whitespace when comparing lines. This ignores
|
|
differences even if one line has whitespace where the other
|
|
line has none.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--ignore-blank-lines</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Ignore changes whose lines are all blank.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-I</code><em><regex></em></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--ignore-matching-lines=</code><em><regex></em></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Ignore changes whose all lines match <em><regex></em>. This option may
|
|
be specified more than once.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--inter-hunk-context=</code><em><number></em></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Show the context between diff hunks, up to the specified <em><number></em>
|
|
of lines, thereby fusing hunks that are close to each other.
|
|
Defaults to <code>diff.interHunkContext</code> or 0 if the config option
|
|
is unset.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>-W</code></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--function-context</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Show whole function as context lines for each change.
|
|
The function names are determined in the same way as
|
|
<code>git</code> <code>diff</code> works out patch hunk headers (see "Defining a
|
|
custom hunk-header" in <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>).</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--exit-code</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Make the program exit with codes similar to <code>diff</code>(1).
|
|
That is, it exits with 1 if there were differences and
|
|
0 means no differences.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--quiet</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Disable all output of the program. Implies <code>--exit-code</code>.
|
|
Disables execution of external diff helpers whose exit code
|
|
is not trusted, i.e. their respective configuration option
|
|
<code>diff.trustExitCode</code> or <code>diff.</code><em><driver></em>.<code>trustExitCode</code> or
|
|
environment variable <code>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF_TRUST_EXIT_CODE</code> is
|
|
false.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--ext-diff</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Allow an external diff helper to be executed. If you set an
|
|
external diff driver with <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>, you need
|
|
to use this option with <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a> and friends.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--no-ext-diff</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Disallow external diff drivers.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--textconv</code></dt>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--no-textconv</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Allow (or disallow) external text conversion filters to be run
|
|
when comparing binary files. See <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a> for
|
|
details. Because textconv filters are typically a one-way
|
|
conversion, the resulting diff is suitable for human
|
|
consumption, but cannot be applied. For this reason, textconv
|
|
filters are enabled by default only for <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a> and
|
|
<a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>, but not for <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> or
|
|
diff plumbing commands.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--ignore-submodules</code>[<code>=</code>(<code>none</code>|<code>untracked</code>|<code>dirty</code>|<code>all</code>)]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Ignore changes to submodules in the diff generation. <code>all</code> is the default.
|
|
Using <code>none</code> will consider the submodule modified when it either contains
|
|
untracked or modified files or its <code>HEAD</code> differs from the commit recorded
|
|
in the superproject and can be used to override any settings of the
|
|
<code>ignore</code> option in <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> or <a href="gitmodules.html">gitmodules(5)</a>. When
|
|
<code>untracked</code> is used submodules are not considered dirty when they only
|
|
contain untracked content (but they are still scanned for modified
|
|
content). Using <code>dirty</code> ignores all changes to the work tree of submodules,
|
|
only changes to the commits stored in the superproject are shown (this was
|
|
the behavior until 1.7.0). Using <code>all</code> hides all changes to submodules.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--src-prefix=</code><em><prefix></em></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Show the given source <em><prefix></em> instead of "a/".</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--dst-prefix=</code><em><prefix></em></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Show the given destination <em><prefix></em> instead of "b/".</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--no-prefix</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Do not show any source or destination prefix.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--default-prefix</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Use the default source and destination prefixes ("a/" and "b/").
|
|
This overrides configuration variables such as <code>diff.noprefix</code>,
|
|
<code>diff.srcPrefix</code>, <code>diff.dstPrefix</code>, and <code>diff.mnemonicPrefix</code>
|
|
(see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--line-prefix=</code><em><prefix></em></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Prepend an additional <em><prefix></em> to every line of output.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>--ita-invisible-in-index</code></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>By default entries added by <code>git</code> <code>add</code> <code>-N</code> appear as an existing
|
|
empty file in <code>git</code> <code>diff</code> and a new file in <code>git</code> <code>diff</code> <code>--cached</code>.
|
|
This option makes the entry appear as a new file in <code>git</code> <code>diff</code>
|
|
and non-existent in <code>git</code> <code>diff</code> <code>--cached</code>. This option could be
|
|
reverted with <code>--ita-visible-in-index</code>. Both options are
|
|
experimental and could be removed in future.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For more detailed explanation on these common options, see also
|
|
<a href="gitdiffcore.html">gitdiffcore(7)</a>.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><tree-ish></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>The id of a tree object to diff against.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--cached</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Do not consider the on-disk file at all.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">--merge-base</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>Instead of comparing <tree-ish> directly, use the merge base
|
|
between <tree-ish> and HEAD instead. <tree-ish> must be a
|
|
commit.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1">-m</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>By default, files recorded in the index but not checked
|
|
out are reported as deleted. This flag makes
|
|
<em>git diff-index</em> say that all non-checked-out files are up
|
|
to date.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_raw_output_format">Raw output format</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The raw output format from <code>git-diff-index</code>, <code>git-diff-tree</code>,
|
|
<code>git-diff-files</code> and <code>git</code> <code>diff</code> <code>--raw</code> are very similar.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>These commands all compare two sets of things; what is
|
|
compared differs:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="dlist">
|
|
<dl>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>git-diff-index</code> <em><tree-ish></em></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>compares the <em><tree-ish></em> and the files on the filesystem.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>git-diff-index</code> <code>--cached</code> <em><tree-ish></em></dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>compares the <em><tree-ish></em> and the index.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>git-diff-tree</code> [<code>-r</code>] <em><tree-ish-1></em> <em><tree-ish-2></em> [<em><pattern></em>...]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>compares the trees named by the two arguments.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt class="hdlist1"><code>git-diff-files</code> [<em><pattern></em>...]</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>compares the index and the files on the filesystem.</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <code>git-diff-tree</code> command begins its output by printing the hash of
|
|
what is being compared. After that, all the commands print one output
|
|
line per changed file.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>An output line is formatted this way:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>in-place edit :100644 100644 bcd1234 0123456 M file0
|
|
copy-edit :100644 100644 abcd123 1234567 C68 file1 file2
|
|
rename-edit :100644 100644 abcd123 1234567 R86 file1 file3
|
|
create :000000 100644 0000000 1234567 A file4
|
|
delete :100644 000000 1234567 0000000 D file5
|
|
unmerged :000000 000000 0000000 0000000 U file6</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>That is, from the left to the right:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a colon.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>mode for "src"; 000000 if creation or unmerged.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a space.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>mode for "dst"; 000000 if deletion or unmerged.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a space.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>sha1 for "src"; 0{40} if creation or unmerged.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a space.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>sha1 for "dst"; 0{40} if deletion, unmerged or "work tree out of sync with the index".</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a space.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>status, followed by optional "score" number.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a tab or a NUL when <code>-z</code> option is used.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>path for "src"</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a tab or a NUL when <code>-z</code> option is used; only exists for C or R.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>path for "dst"; only exists for C or R.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>an LF or a NUL when <code>-z</code> option is used, to terminate the record.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Possible status letters are:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="ulist">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>A</code>: addition of a file</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>C</code>: copy of a file into a new one</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>D</code>: deletion of a file</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>M</code>: modification of the contents or mode of a file</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>R</code>: renaming of a file</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>T</code>: change in the type of the file (regular file, symbolic link or submodule)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>U</code>: file is unmerged (you must complete the merge before it can
|
|
be committed)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p><code>X</code>: "unknown" change type (most probably a bug, please report it)</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Status letters <code>C</code> and <code>R</code> are always followed by a score (denoting the
|
|
percentage of similarity between the source and target of the move or
|
|
copy). Status letter <code>M</code> may be followed by a score (denoting the
|
|
percentage of dissimilarity) for file rewrites.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The sha1 for "dst" is shown as all 0’s if a file on the filesystem
|
|
is out of sync with the index.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Example:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>:100644 100644 5be4a4a 0000000 M file.c</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Without the <code>-z</code> option, pathnames with "unusual" characters are
|
|
quoted as explained for the configuration variable <code>core.quotePath</code>
|
|
(see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). Using <code>-z</code> the filename is output
|
|
verbatim and the line is terminated by a NUL byte.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_diff_format_for_merges">diff format for merges</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p><code>git-diff-tree</code>, <code>git-diff-files</code> and <code>git-diff</code> <code>--raw</code>
|
|
can take <code>-c</code> or <code>--cc</code> option
|
|
to generate diff output also for merge commits. The output differs
|
|
from the format described above in the following way:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>there is a colon for each parent</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>there are more "src" modes and "src" sha1</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>status is concatenated status characters for each parent</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>no optional "score" number</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>tab-separated pathname(s) of the file</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For <code>-c</code> and <code>--cc</code>, only the destination or final path is shown even
|
|
if the file was renamed on any side of history. With
|
|
<code>--combined-all-paths</code>, the name of the path in each parent is shown
|
|
followed by the name of the path in the merge commit.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Examples for <code>-c</code> and <code>--cc</code> without <code>--combined-all-paths</code>:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>::100644 100644 100644 fabadb8 cc95eb0 4866510 MM desc.c
|
|
::100755 100755 100755 52b7a2d 6d1ac04 d2ac7d7 RM bar.sh
|
|
::100644 100644 100644 e07d6c5 9042e82 ee91881 RR phooey.c</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Examples when <code>--combined-all-paths</code> added to either <code>-c</code> or <code>--cc</code>:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>::100644 100644 100644 fabadb8 cc95eb0 4866510 MM desc.c desc.c desc.c
|
|
::100755 100755 100755 52b7a2d 6d1ac04 d2ac7d7 RM foo.sh bar.sh bar.sh
|
|
::100644 100644 100644 e07d6c5 9042e82 ee91881 RR fooey.c fuey.c phooey.c</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Note that <em>combined diff</em> lists only files which were modified from
|
|
all parents.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="generate_patch_text_with_p">Generating patch text with -p</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Running
|
|
<a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a>,
|
|
<a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>,
|
|
<a href="git-show.html">git-show(1)</a>,
|
|
<a href="git-diff-index.html">git-diff-index(1)</a>,
|
|
<a href="git-diff-tree.html">git-diff-tree(1)</a>, or
|
|
<a href="git-diff-files.html">git-diff-files(1)</a>
|
|
with the <code>-p</code> option produces patch text.
|
|
You can customize the creation of patch text via the
|
|
<code>GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF</code> and the <code>GIT_DIFF_OPTS</code> environment variables
|
|
(see <a href="git.html">git(1)</a>), and the <code>diff</code> attribute (see <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a>).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>What the <code>-p</code> option produces is slightly different from the traditional
|
|
diff format:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>It is preceded by a "git diff" header that looks like this:</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>diff --git a/file1 b/file2</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <code>a/</code> and <code>b/</code> filenames are the same unless rename/copy is
|
|
involved. Especially, even for a creation or a deletion,
|
|
<code>/dev/null</code> is <em>not</em> used in place of the <code>a/</code> or <code>b/</code> filenames.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>When a rename/copy is involved, <code>file1</code> and <code>file2</code> show the
|
|
name of the source file of the rename/copy and the name of
|
|
the file that the rename/copy produces, respectively.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>It is followed by one or more extended header lines:</p>
|
|
<div class="verseblock">
|
|
<pre class="content"><code>old</code> <code>mode</code> <em><mode></em>
|
|
<code>new</code> <code>mode</code> <em><mode></em>
|
|
<code>deleted</code> <code>file</code> <code>mode</code> <em><mode></em>
|
|
<code>new</code> <code>file</code> <code>mode</code> <em><mode></em>
|
|
<code>copy</code> <code>from</code> <em><path></em>
|
|
<code>copy</code> <code>to</code> <em><path></em>
|
|
<code>rename</code> <code>from</code> <em><path></em>
|
|
<code>rename</code> <code>to</code> <em><path></em>
|
|
<code>similarity</code> <code>index</code> <em><number></em>
|
|
<code>dissimilarity</code> <code>index</code> <em><number></em>
|
|
<code>index</code> <em><hash></em>`..`<em><hash></em> <em><mode></em></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>File modes <em><mode></em> are printed as 6-digit octal numbers including the file type
|
|
and file permission bits.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Path names in extended headers do not include the <code>a/</code> and <code>b/</code> prefixes.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The similarity index is the percentage of unchanged lines, and
|
|
the dissimilarity index is the percentage of changed lines. It
|
|
is a rounded down integer, followed by a percent sign. The
|
|
similarity index value of 100% is thus reserved for two equal
|
|
files, while 100% dissimilarity means that no line from the old
|
|
file made it into the new one.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The index line includes the blob object names before and after the change.
|
|
The <em><mode></em> is included if the file mode does not change; otherwise,
|
|
separate lines indicate the old and the new mode.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Pathnames with "unusual" characters are quoted as explained for
|
|
the configuration variable <code>core.quotePath</code> (see
|
|
<a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>All the <code>file1</code> files in the output refer to files before the
|
|
commit, and all the <code>file2</code> files refer to files after the commit.
|
|
It is incorrect to apply each change to each file sequentially. For
|
|
example, this patch will swap a and b:</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>diff --git a/a b/b
|
|
rename from a
|
|
rename to b
|
|
diff --git a/b b/a
|
|
rename from b
|
|
rename to a</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Hunk headers mention the name of the function to which the hunk
|
|
applies. See "Defining a custom hunk-header" in
|
|
<a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a> for details of how to tailor this to
|
|
specific languages.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_combined_diff_format">Combined diff format</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Any diff-generating command can take the <code>-c</code> or <code>--cc</code> option to
|
|
produce a <em>combined diff</em> when showing a merge. This is the default
|
|
format when showing merges with <a href="git-diff.html">git-diff(1)</a> or
|
|
<a href="git-show.html">git-show(1)</a>. Note also that you can give suitable
|
|
<code>--diff-merges</code> option to any of these commands to force generation of
|
|
diffs in a specific format.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>A "combined diff" format looks like this:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>diff --combined describe.c
|
|
index fabadb8,cc95eb0..4866510
|
|
--- a/describe.c
|
|
+++ b/describe.c
|
|
@@@ -98,20 -98,12 +98,20 @@@
|
|
return (a_date > b_date) ? -1 : (a_date == b_date) ? 0 : 1;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
- static void describe(char *arg)
|
|
-static void describe(struct commit *cmit, int last_one)
|
|
++static void describe(char *arg, int last_one)
|
|
{
|
|
+ unsigned char sha1[20];
|
|
+ struct commit *cmit;
|
|
struct commit_list *list;
|
|
static int initialized = 0;
|
|
struct commit_name *n;
|
|
|
|
+ if (get_sha1(arg, sha1) < 0)
|
|
+ usage(describe_usage);
|
|
+ cmit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
|
|
+ if (!cmit)
|
|
+ usage(describe_usage);
|
|
+
|
|
if (!initialized) {
|
|
initialized = 1;
|
|
for_each_ref(get_name);</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>It is preceded by a "git diff" header, that looks like
|
|
this (when the <code>-c</code> option is used):</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>diff --combined file</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>or like this (when the <code>--cc</code> option is used):</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>diff --cc file</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>It is followed by one or more extended header lines
|
|
(this example shows a merge with two parents):</p>
|
|
<div class="verseblock">
|
|
<pre class="content"><code>index</code> <em><hash></em><code>,</code><em><hash></em>`..<code>__</code><em><hash></em><code>__</code>
|
|
{empty}`mode <em><mode></em><code>,</code><em><mode></em>``..``<em><mode></em>
|
|
<code>new</code> <code>file</code> <code>mode</code> <em><mode></em>
|
|
<code>deleted</code> <code>file</code> <code>mode</code> <em><mode></em><code>,</code><em><mode></em></pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <code>mode</code> <em><mode></em><code>,</code><em><mode></em><code>..</code><em><mode></em> line appears only if at least one of
|
|
the <mode> is different from the rest. Extended headers with
|
|
information about detected content movement (renames and
|
|
copying detection) are designed to work with the diff of two
|
|
<em><tree-ish></em> and are not used by combined diff format.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>It is followed by a two-line from-file/to-file header:</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>--- a/file
|
|
+++ b/file</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Similar to the two-line header for the traditional <em>unified</em> diff
|
|
format, <code>/dev/null</code> is used to signal created or deleted
|
|
files.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>However, if the --combined-all-paths option is provided, instead of a
|
|
two-line from-file/to-file, you get an N+1 line from-file/to-file header,
|
|
where N is the number of parents in the merge commit:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>--- a/file
|
|
--- a/file
|
|
--- a/file
|
|
+++ b/file</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>This extended format can be useful if rename or copy detection is
|
|
active, to allow you to see the original name of the file in different
|
|
parents.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Chunk header format is modified to prevent people from
|
|
accidentally feeding it to <code>patch</code> <code>-p1</code>. Combined diff format
|
|
was created for review of merge commit changes, and was not
|
|
meant to be applied. The change is similar to the change in the
|
|
extended <em>index</em> header:</p>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>@@@ <from-file-range> <from-file-range> <to-file-range> @@@</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>There are (number of parents + 1) <code>@</code> characters in the chunk
|
|
header for combined diff format.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Unlike the traditional <em>unified</em> diff format, which shows two
|
|
files A and B with a single column that has <code>-</code> (minus — appears in A but removed in B), <code>+</code> (plus — missing in A but
|
|
added to B), or " " (space — unchanged) prefix, this format
|
|
compares two or more files file1, file2,…​ with one file X, and
|
|
shows how X differs from each of fileN. One column for each of
|
|
fileN is prepended to the output line to note how X’s line is
|
|
different from it.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>A <code>-</code> character in the column N means that the line appears in
|
|
fileN but it does not appear in the result. A <code>+</code> character
|
|
in the column N means that the line appears in the result,
|
|
and fileN does not have that line (in other words, the line was
|
|
added, from the point of view of that parent).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>In the above example output, the function signature was changed
|
|
from both files (hence two <code>-</code> removals from both file1 and
|
|
file2, plus <code>++</code> to mean one line that was added does not appear
|
|
in either file1 or file2). Also, eight other lines are the same
|
|
from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence prefixed with <code>+</code>).</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>When shown by <code>git</code> <code>diff-tree</code> <code>-c</code>, it compares the parents of a
|
|
merge commit with the merge result (i.e. file1..fileN are the
|
|
parents). When shown by <code>git</code> <code>diff-files</code> <code>-c</code>, it compares the
|
|
two unresolved merge parents with the working tree file
|
|
(i.e. file1 is stage 2 aka "our version", file2 is stage 3 aka
|
|
"their version").</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_other_diff_formats">other diff formats</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <code>--summary</code> option describes newly added, deleted, renamed and
|
|
copied files. The <code>--stat</code> option adds <code>diffstat</code>(1) graph to the
|
|
output. These options can be combined with other options, such as
|
|
<code>-p</code>, and are meant for human consumption.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>When showing a change that involves a rename or a copy, <code>--stat</code> output
|
|
formats the pathnames compactly by combining common prefix and suffix of
|
|
the pathnames. For example, a change that moves <code>arch/i386/Makefile</code> to
|
|
<code>arch/x86/Makefile</code> while modifying 4 lines will be shown like this:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>arch/{i386 => x86}/Makefile | 4 +--</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The <code>--numstat</code> option gives the diffstat(1) information but is designed
|
|
for easier machine consumption. An entry in <code>--numstat</code> output looks
|
|
like this:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>1 2 README
|
|
3 1 arch/{i386 => x86}/Makefile</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>That is, from left to right:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>the number of added lines;</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a tab;</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>the number of deleted lines;</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a tab;</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>pathname (possibly with rename/copy information);</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a newline.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>When <code>-z</code> output option is in effect, the output is formatted this way:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>1 2 README NUL
|
|
3 1 NUL arch/i386/Makefile NUL arch/x86/Makefile NUL</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>That is:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="olist arabic">
|
|
<ol class="arabic">
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>the number of added lines;</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a tab;</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>the number of deleted lines;</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a tab;</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a NUL (only exists if renamed/copied);</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>pathname in preimage;</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a NUL (only exists if renamed/copied);</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>pathname in postimage (only exists if renamed/copied);</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>a NUL.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ol>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The extra <code>NUL</code> before the preimage path in renamed case is to allow
|
|
scripts that read the output to tell if the current record being read is
|
|
a single-path record or a rename/copy record without reading ahead.
|
|
After reading added and deleted lines, reading up to <code>NUL</code> would yield
|
|
the pathname, but if that is <code>NUL</code>, the record will show two paths.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_operating_modes">OPERATING MODES</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>You can choose whether you want to trust the index file entirely
|
|
(using the <code>--cached</code> flag) or ask the diff logic to show any files
|
|
that don’t match the stat state as being "tentatively changed". Both
|
|
of these operations are very useful indeed.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_cached_mode">CACHED MODE</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>If <code>--cached</code> is specified, it allows you to ask:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>show me the differences between HEAD and the current index
|
|
contents (the ones I'd write using 'git write-tree')</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>For example, let’s say that you have worked on your working directory, updated
|
|
some files in the index and are ready to commit. You want to see exactly
|
|
<strong>what</strong> you are going to commit, without having to write a new tree
|
|
object and compare it that way, and to do that, you just do</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>git diff-index --cached HEAD</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Example: let’s say I had renamed <code>commit.c</code> to <code>git-commit.c</code>, and I had
|
|
done an <code>update-index</code> to make that effective in the index file.
|
|
<code>git</code> <code>diff-files</code> wouldn’t show anything at all, since the index file
|
|
matches my working directory. But doing a <em>git diff-index</em> does:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>torvalds@ppc970:~/git> git diff-index --cached HEAD
|
|
:100644 000000 4161aecc6700a2eb579e842af0b7f22b98443f74 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 D commit.c
|
|
:000000 100644 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 4161aecc6700a2eb579e842af0b7f22b98443f74 A git-commit.c</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>You can see easily that the above is a rename.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>In fact, <code>git</code> <code>diff-index</code> <code>--cached</code> <strong>should</strong> always be entirely equivalent to
|
|
actually doing a <em>git write-tree</em> and comparing that. Except this one is much
|
|
nicer for the case where you just want to check where you are.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>So doing a <code>git</code> <code>diff-index</code> <code>--cached</code> is basically very useful when you are
|
|
asking yourself "what have I already marked for being committed, and
|
|
what’s the difference to a previous tree".</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_non_cached_mode">NON-CACHED MODE</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The "non-cached" mode takes a different approach, and is potentially
|
|
the more useful of the two in that what it does can’t be emulated with
|
|
a <em>git write-tree</em> + <em>git diff-tree</em>. Thus that’s the default mode.
|
|
The non-cached version asks the question:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>show me the differences between HEAD and the currently checked out
|
|
tree - index contents _and_ files that aren't up to date</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>which is obviously a very useful question too, since that tells you what
|
|
you <strong>could</strong> commit. Again, the output matches the <em>git diff-tree -r</em>
|
|
output to a tee, but with a twist.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>The twist is that if some file doesn’t match the index, we don’t have
|
|
a backing store thing for it, and we use the magic "all-zero" sha1 to
|
|
show that. So let’s say that you have edited <code>kernel/sched.c</code>, but
|
|
have not actually done a <em>git update-index</em> on it yet - there is no
|
|
"object" associated with the new state, and you get:</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="literalblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre>torvalds@ppc970:~/v2.6/linux> git diff-index --abbrev HEAD
|
|
:100644 100644 7476bb5ba 000000000 M kernel/sched.c</pre>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>i.e., it shows that the tree has changed, and that <code>kernel/sched.c</code> is
|
|
not up to date and may contain new stuff. The all-zero sha1 means that to
|
|
get the real diff, you need to look at the object in the working directory
|
|
directly rather than do an object-to-object diff.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock note">
|
|
<table>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
<div class="title">Note</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="content">
|
|
As with other commands of this type, <em>git diff-index</em> does not
|
|
actually look at the contents of the file at all. So maybe
|
|
<code>kernel/sched.c</code> hasn’t actually changed, and it’s just that you
|
|
touched it. In either case, it’s a note that you need to
|
|
<em>git update-index</em> it to make the index be in sync.
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="admonitionblock note">
|
|
<table>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="icon">
|
|
<div class="title">Note</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td class="content">
|
|
You can have a mixture of files show up as "has been updated"
|
|
and "is still dirty in the working directory" together. You can always
|
|
tell which file is in which state, since the "has been updated" ones
|
|
show a valid sha1, and the "not in sync with the index" ones will
|
|
always have the special all-zero sha1.
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div class="sect1">
|
|
<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="paragraph">
|
|
<p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
Last updated 2025-03-17 07:09:38 UTC
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html> |